Volatile components and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and extracts of vicia bithynica and V. cracca subsp. cracca plants

This study was aimed to determine volatile constituents and antimicrobial activities Vicia bithynica L. and V. cracca L. subsp. cracca grows in the east part of blacksea region. Essential oils of V. bithynica and V. cracca subsp. cracca were obtained by hydrodistillation method. In addition, n-hexane, acetonitrile, methanol and water extracts were also prepared according to maceration method. Essential oil components obtained from plants were identified by GC-FID / MS. The most common compounds found in the essential oil of V. bithynica were found to be trans β-oximene (24.91%), 2-pentyl furan (11.20%), benzaldehyde (9.15%). 2-Ethyl furan (27.26%, aromatic compound) was found to be the highest detected substance in the essential oil of V. cracca subsp. cracca species. In addition, n-hexanal (18.91%), 2(E)-hexanal (11.85%), and pelargon aldehyde (9.97%) compounds were also the other main components of the essential oil of V. cracca subsp. cracca. Antimicrobial activity studies for the obtained essential oils, n-hexane, acetonitrile, methanol, and water extracts of both species were tested against nine different microorganisms. No activity was observed in n-hexane and water extracts of V. cracca subsp. cracca, while other extracts were found to have moderate activity for the tested different microorganisms. The essential oil of V. cracca subsp. cracca was found to have a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value in the range of 170-680 µg/ml only against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Bacillus cereus and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Antimicrobial activity for the essential oil of V. bithynica showed activity only against Staphylococcus aureus and B. cereus with 1152-2305 µg/ml MİC values. All the extracts of V. bithynica plant were observed to have MIC values in the range of 30-5587 µg/ml against tested microorganisms except Y. pseudotuberculosis. The best activity was found in n-hexane and acetonitrile extracts of V. bithynica with 30 μg/ml MIC value against M. smegmatis and Candida albicans. As a result, n-hexane extract of V. bithynica (MIC, 30-235 µg / ml) and the acetonitrile extract of V. cracca subsp. cracca (MIC, 46-730 µg/ml) have the highest antimicrobial activity among them.