The i̇nfluence of khorasan in the formation of sufism life of anatolia in the XI-XIII centuries

The aim of our study is to evaluate Sufism centers which are influential in the formation of the mystical life of Anatolia in the XI-XIII centuries, within the framework of their basic understanding and main representatives and to examine the effects of Khorasan Sufism on Anatolia. When we look at the development of the history of Sufism, in the process from the VII century to the XIV century, there have been certain centers that cultivate organized sects from the zuhd life. In these centers, a process of development of Sufism was experienced in parallel with the chronology of Islamic conquests. With the emergence of Islamic armies from the Arabian Peninsula, Basra, Kufe and Baghdad; with the conquest of Iran, Khorasan, Khorezm and Transoxiana; with the transition to North Africa it is seen that the Centers of Sufism began to be established in Maghreb and Andalusia. The conquest of Anatolia from this region much later, it was at the end of XI century. The sufistic understanding of these regions begins to permeate Anatolia with migrations after the Manzikert war. The entrance of dervish and sufi groups to Anatolia has been accelerated since the end of the XI century and especially from the beginning of the XIII century. The spiritual gates of Anatolia were crossed by the mystic sects of different religions, and every religious movement that tried to spread its beliefs and doctrines. The representatives of Khorasan Sufism, the focal point of our work, were among the first emeralds to arrive in Anatolia. In the first part of the study, In the VII-XIII centuries, the historical development of Khorasan sufism culture in accordance with the historical process of sufism; The Zuhd Period, Sufism Period, Wahdat al-wujud and Sectarian Period were examined in the sub-headings. In order to understand the subject and to look at it from a wide perspective, in the second chapter, it is emphasized which conditions and which regions of mysticism entered Anatolia and how it developed. However, as the sufistic centers covered a wide geography and a long historical period, the sufistic institutions formed in the regions we mentioned were tried to be given as main lines as possible. In the last chapter, the influence of Khorasan Sufism on the Anatolia was examined by the sects and representatives. Afterwards, the effects of mystic formations in Anatolia were evaluated. At the very first glance, it was found that Khorasan Sufism and Melametism in particular were heavily suppressed.