Commercial area relationships between Ottoman and India at 16th century

In the Ottoman economic mentality, firstly needs are met, in case of lack of supply, requirements covered from external intake. In another respect, state met needs, then sold more than needed. However, due to importance of geo-politic and geostrategic location of Ottoman Empire, even if haven?t got merchant structure, Ottoman Empire forced to be in full mobility of transit trade. Thus, Ottoman, does not give first priority to economy, match requitments of transit trade and tried to take all measures to ensure comfortable trade, for community trade, especially exports. To do this, gave a variety of orders and judgments to local authorities, even for safety of trade route allows necessarry applications for building Derbent organization, bazaars, khans, caravanserais.Trade of India was based on export trade in general. In this matter, India was a merchant country. There was almost no movement in trade expect, export of horse, production of steel and iron weapons, slaves to work in production, strategic sense and technical knowledge in order to avoid war as military supplies, gold, silver and silver and luxurious ornaments. In first place, the rich geography of India was more than enough for meeting all their needs.Trade between two countries while cruising in this way, counterpart of trade was not only this two countries. Because, trade itself, had an intercontinental location. Thus, Europe, Arabian Peninsula, Iran and Africa to be addressed in actual trade.VIMost important cause of increased density of trade between Ottoman and India in 16th Century that Fatih Sultan Mehmet conquered Istanbul at mid of 15th Century. Apostles from India for greetings, also made trade connections. Density of trade increased when major trading centers of European trade of being conquested as a result of voyage of Ottoman in between 1516-1517. In this era, because of approaching Portugal. weak Memluk politics was a danger against trade in Mediterranean and as well as to Ottoman terrorities. In this contentx, Ottoman Empire, exactly at 17th Century, increased density of trade with East in The Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. However, this situation has bothered Europeans.16. century, be regarded as a turning point in the history of world trade, this era come to fore due to developments in areas of political and economics. As a result of discovering new trade routes at the end of 16th Century, trade routes shifted to path of Africa from Middle East and change in balance of World Economy in face of emerging European economy, marked as age-changing events in 16th Century.Europeans, with using newly discovering trade routes, traveling around Cape of Good Hope and bringing Indian goods to their country, did not want to use historical Silk Road because of discomfort from Ottoman sovereignty at Indian trade and middleeast region of Silk Road, trade insecurities, taxes for trade routes and fatigue from journey at sea, river and land.Portuguese, who wants to monopolize Indian trade, wanted to make an impact on trade made by Muslims in Red Sea. Due to struggle with Iran and Portuguese in Indian Ocean and Red Sea, trade of Ottoman Empire was affected. Situation that went bad at beginning of 16th Century, did not last long. From middle of the century, Ottoman, managed to draw attention to Mediterrenean with various concessions to merchant states. Thus, trade status of Ottoman Empire revived with trade taxes from Venice, Genoa, France, United Kingdom. However, this situation gone bad again at 18th Century. To trade cities like Aleppo, Tripoli, Alexandria, Cairo, Istanbul and Bursa, spices and silk no longer comes like old density; in new World trade this materials goes to Lisbon, distribution center of Europe, despite the fact dangers from British hackers, ocean threats due to climatic conditions and long path lengths.Due to lack of trading materials such as spices, silk, cotton fabrics and paint that comes to lands and waters of Ottoman, this situation was reflected in prices and was caused decrease in tax revenues. On the other hand, European revulotion of Money with VIIsupply of large quantities of gold and silver, also distrupted Ottoman economy. However, in any case, India and its riches which have important place on World trade, continued to flow around World-wide.Keywords: Ottoman Empire, India, 16th Century, Trade, Mediterranean, Trade route, Silk Road, Merchandise, spice, Silk, Prices, Ottoman Trade Cities, Indian Trade Cities, Red Sea, Portugal, Iran, Europe, Geographical Discoveries