Effect of fat, sugar and protein-headed diet on genotoxic potential in Drosophila melanogaster

Objective: It was aimed to determine whether a diet that rich in fat, sugar and protein would have a genotoxic effect on Drosophila wing imaginal disc cells. Method: In the study, the effects of different doses of palm oil, coconut oil, fructose, glucose syrup, and yeast on genotoxicity were investigated with the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART), which is widely used in genotoxicity studies. The standard Drosophila medium was modified by adding different doses of fat(1, 2, 5 and 10%), sugar (2, 5, 10 and 20%) and protein (10, 20, 50 and 100 g) contents.Eggs transheterozygous in terms of mwh (multiple wing hair) and flr3(flare) were developed in the prepared medium, and the wing preparations of the individuals that became adults in this environment were prepared and analyzed. Results: No genotoxic effect was detected at any dose in flies treated with coconut oil and palm oil. Similarly, dosing of fructose showed negative results. When the results of glucose syrup are compared with the results of standard Drosophila medium, it is seen that glucose syrup causes a slight increase in clone frequencies This increase at 2, 5 and 10% doses is not statistically significant. However, the increase in high dose is significant for small uniform clones and was recorded as positive. For this reason, only at this dose serrate wing individuals were analyzed. Serrate wings of individuals treated with 20% glucose syrup showed negative results in all clones. Increasing the protein content of the medium did not cause an increase in total clone frequencies. Conclusion: We conclude that palm oil, coconut oil, fructose, and yeast did not show mutagenic or recombinogenic effects in the Drosophila wing somatic mutation and recombination test. The highest dose (20%) of glucose syrup was caused a slight increase in genotoxicity. When the results of normal wing individuals and serrate wings were compared, it was seen that this small increase was the result of recombination. Keywords: Drosophila, genotoxicity, palm oil, coconut oil, fructose.