Through the historical process of writing calligraphy as a writing culture and its development in Turkey

Writing is undoubtedly one of the most important discoveries in the history of mankind. This adventure, which started with the paintings that drawn on the cave walls, evolved into the hieroglyphics on clay tablets for accounting, pictograms as hieroglyphics, and after that ideograms, which we could call graphic symbol that represents an idea or concept. In this development, phonetic texts containing sound have finally started to form alphabets consisting of phonetic forms with acrophonetic writing. The process of writing texts on various surfaces has brought with it some problems such as permanence, legibility and reproducibility of the writing. Factors such as fitting the text into the fields to be processed and increasing the readability of the spaces between the letters necessitated writing of the text in a certain form and order. Until the invention of the printing press, important works were written by hand, copied and processed through a very troublesome procedures. The writing of texts according to certain forms and styles, the search of the human eye for more beauty, the shaping of letter forms according to certain aesthetic orders accelerated the birth of calligraphy art. This art should not be limited to Latin letters. Chinese calligraphy, Japanese calligraphy and Arabic calligraphy which have a history of thousands of years based on the illustrated writing system are important examples of the universality of the importance given to art of writing. Chinese calligraphy which has a history of thousands of years based on the illustrated writing system, Japanese calligraphy and Arabic calligraphy are important examples of the universality of the importance given to art of writing. The importance given to traditional arts in the Ottoman Empire was supported after the declaration of the Republic of Turkey; important developments have been achieved in the fields of science, technique and art. Painting, sculpture, calligraphy and ornamentation arts were given importance in this period. Many talented students have been sent abroad and many colleges, institutes and art studios have been opened. In the national struggle period and after the declaration of the Republic of Turkey, discussions were made on the alphabet and the Latin letters was adopted in 1928 with the letter revolution and calligraphy in Turkey gained a new dimension. There was a rapid transition process with the letter revolution, and some calligraphers continued their style in art of writing by using new letters. Although the letter revolution for Turkey was painful, this transition process continues to be transferred to generations through the universality of culture, science and art by the work shadowing and school education system. In this study, calligraphy masters and artists who are interested in Latin calligraphy and their artworks, which take an important place in Turkish writing history, are mentioned. Art of calligraphy, which has developed rapidly in Turkey in the last 15 years, is given as a department course in some universities and many calligraphy courses were opened in private and public institutions. International exhibitions, symposiums and conferences about calligraphy are organized. Spreading of communication networks and increasing of visual messages due to developing technology provides the introduction and spreading of calligraphy art.