Investigation of the effect of A newly developed peptide chain ​​on remineralization in primary and permanent dental enamel under in vitro conditions

Objective: The use of peptides in the remineralization of enamel is among the current issues that attract the attention of researchers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the remineralization effect of different peptide agents on artificially created initial caries lesions in primary and permanent molar teeth by comparing with F and control groups. Method: Our study was completed in 2 steps. In the preliminary study, 44 primary and permanent enamel samples were used. Concentrations of 200 and 400 µg/ml of newly synthesized P1, P2 and P3 peptides (GenScript, USA) were used. SEM-EDX analyzes of enamel samples were performed after initial, demineralization and remineralization. In a comprehensive study, SEM-EDX analysis was performed on 144 primary and permanent tooth enamel samples, with 18 enamel samples in each group, and Vickers microhardness test was performed on 180 primary and permanent tooth enamel samples. Results: When the SEM-EDX results of the preliminary study were evaluated; the remineralization potential of P2 and P3 peptide was found to be higher. In a comprehensive study, according to EDX results, the increase in Ca+2 values of deciduous teeth in the P2 group after remineralization was statistically higher than the increase in Ca+2 values of primary and permanent teeth in the control group (p: 0.001 and p: 0.006, respectively). The increase in Ca+2 values of permanent teeth in the P2 group after remineralization is higher than the increase in Ca+2 values of permanent teeth in the control group (p: 0.038). Vickers microhardness grades of primary teeth in the P2 group; P2 permanent, P2 + P3 primary was significantly higher than the microhardness grades of the samples in the control primary tooth group (p≤0.05). Instead of applying P2 and P3 peptides separately in permanent teeth, applying it as P2 + P3 was found more effective in increasing the microhardness value of the samples. The difference is statistically significant (p≤0.05). According to the microhardness results; while F application is more effective than P2 + P3 in primary teeth, P2 + P3 application has been found more effective than F application in permanent teeth. Conclusion: We believe that newly developed peptides can be used for remineralization in the treatment of primary and permanent tooth initial enamel lesions and can be developed as an alternative to F applications. However, more in vivo and in vitro studies are needed to determine the efficacy of newly synthesized peptide chains on remineralization of initial caries lesions. Key words: Peptide, remineralization, fluoride, primary tooth, permanent tooth