The investigation of asprosin levels of both plasma and salivary in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropaty

Diabetes mellitus is an important chronic disease characterized by insulin resistance or insulin deficiency due to its complications. Although the insulin released from the pancreas is responsible for its pathogenesis, new studies show that asprosin protein may also play a role in DM pathologenesis. Asprosin protein is a protein hormone that is synthesized by adipose tissue and causes hepatic glucose release. Studies have shown that asprosine plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as insulin resistance, DM, polycystic ovary syndrome and obesity. However, until now, it has not been studied that there may be a link between asprosin protein and diabetic nephropathy. This study was conducted to Show asprosin protei levels in the blood and saliva of diabetic nephropathy and newly diagnosed diabetes patients. The study included 30 newly diagnosed DM patients, 30 end-stage diabetic nephropathy patients and 30 healthy individuals. Venous blood gas and saliva samples were taken from the patient and control groups after at least 8 hours of tasting. Fasting blood sugar, low density lipoprotein, triglyceride, HbA1c and asprosin levels in venous blood gas were studied. Urea and creatinine levels were also studied in diabetic nephropathy patients. Asprosin protein from saliva samples was studied. Body mass indexes of the patient and control groups were calculated. In addition, the parotid gland was stained with asprosin antibodies to Show whether the salivary glands are synthesizing asprosin protein. When the plasma asprosin levels were compared between the three groups, a statistically significant difference was found (p=0,001). Likewise, when saliva asprosin levels were compared, a statistically significant difference was found (p<0,001) . plasma asprosin levels were higher in diabetic nephropathy group than diabetes mellitus group and control group. The highest saliva asprosin levels were determined in the control group consisting of healthy individuals. In the study, it was shown immunohistochemically that the parotid gland from salivary glands also synthesizes asprosin protein. As a result, plasma asprosin protein levels were significantly higher in the diabetic nephropathy group than in the uncomplicated diabetic group. Plasma asprosin level may be associated with long-term vascular complications of diabetes rather than being an early indicator of diabetes. However, there is a need for multicentre studies where more patients' data can be evaluated whether this molecule will be used as a follow-up criterion in the pathogenesis and prognosis of diabetic nephropathy. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, asprosin