Geo-archaeological and dendrochronological examinations in Yenikapi (Istanbul)

İstanbul protecting its importance throughout history, being the capital to 3 empires and always achieving being focus of humanity with its culture of thousand years is located on the shore of Sea of Marmara. Marmara-Subway Project has been initiated in İstanbul for construction of sub-sea tunnel to connect Asia and Europe each other via undersea first time in 2004. In step of Yenikapı of the Project, remains of Ancient Port of Theodosius constructed by Roman Empire I. Theodosius (A.D. 379-395) have been unearthed in the excavations carried out in the same year. While subway Works are sustained for tunnel construction at the one hand, many artifacts obtained from escavation area to change the history of İstanbul, which has been brought to light through studies performed by archaeologists on the other hand. With this aspect and the new geological information obtained, Yenikapı excavation became an important terms of giving new information related to Late Holocene Epoch of İstanbul and Sea of Marmara.As a result of studies conducted at Yenikapı?s excavation, the sequence divided into 9 units. First unit (1. unit) consist of artifacts indicating traces of the settlement between approximately 7500-8500 years before present, which was unknown before Yenikapı?s excavation. From artifacts in the entire sequence of 9 units, findings to shed light on Neolithic Age, Early Iron Age, Archaic Age, Classical Period, Hellenistic Period, Roman Period, Byzantine Period and Ottoman Period of İstanbul has been encountered. The relationship of revealed archaeological artifacts with the sequence has been determined by geo-archaeological studies. In this way, formation environment of the sequence occurred in time passed from B.C. 5500 or 6500 until today and its processes are tried to be understood. In addition, dendrochronological analyse has been dated by making on the samples taken from portside piles pertaining to Port of Theodosius.