Evaluation of green hospital design parameters and solution proposals for design

Hospitals are structures in which patients are treated and healed and the health of other users who are not available in the hospital for the treatment is maintained. In other words, the fundamental demand of the users during their time in hospital is health and hospital buildings should be able to meet this expectation. However, in today's conditions, hospitals are perceived as unhealthy places that should be avoided unless needed. In recent years, with the advancements in the health sector and the popularization of the concept of environmental awareness, there have been changes in hospital architecture. New forms and design approaches have emerged for reasons such as providing healthy conditions, meeting user expectations, creating medical spaces with varied equipment because of the diversity of diseases, serving all the population by constructing complex buildings. This change in hospital architecture was not only limited to medical developments, spatial needs and sectoral demands. It also paved the way for the concepts of environmental awareness, sustainability and being green to gain ground in the health sector and for the term "green hospital" to be introduced into the literature. In order to design a sustainable hospital and to be considered "green", concrete data on the design process is required. In this respect, mandatory and non-mandatory assessment tools including design criteria for green hospitals, arrangements and limitations have been developed. This study, which examines the design criteria of green hospitals and the evaluation tools, assessed the mandatory laws, regulations, directives, specifications, standards and instructions regarding green hospital design criteria, non-mandatory design approaches, guides and certification systems. In this research; design proposals for the construction of a green hospital were presented based on the following data: •Factors affecting the life cycle process of hospitals, •Adverse impacts caused by the factors, •The environment affected by the adverse impacts. In conclusion design solutions for green hospitals were proposed by evaluating the factors that play a role in each stage of the lifespan of hospitals, the adverse impacts these factors have on hospital buildings and the environment. Keywords: Green hospitals, green hospital design parameters, mandatory assessment tools in green hospital design, non-mandatory assessment tools in green hospital design, green hospital design proposals.