A study on İstanbul and migration phenomenon in the light of the concepts of densely populated areas, intermediate density areas and thinly populated areas

Since urban-rural classifications have been made using different criteria and different paradigms both in legal texts and literature, a complex situation has emerged in terms of the use of concepts and the production of data based on these concepts, and the production of valid and sustainable data has become very important in this regard. Urban-rural classifications using a 20,000 population scale have been greatly affected by legal regulations and have lost their validity. The new triple urban-rural classification model developed in the form of dense urban, medium-dense urban and rural has been a very important development in terms of the production of valid data in this field. The aim of this study is to examine the validity of various classification methods used in urban-rural definitions and to reveal the reasons behind the reverse migrations from Istanbul in the light of these concepts. As a method, urban-rural definitions produced by various organizations have been comparatively addressed, and in order to analyze the relationship between Istanbul and migration, the results of the General Population Censuses and the Address-Based Population Registration System have been analyzed and a literature review has been conducted. The study examines the concepts of city and countryside in a multifaceted manner, and provides a chronological overview of the urbanization and migration processes of Istanbul and Turkey. In addition, the relationship between Istanbul and migration is presented through the concepts of dense city, medium-density city and countryside, and this relationship is supported by various data, figures and graphics. As a result of the study, it is emphasized that the rapid urbanization process that started in the 1950s and continued in later periods, although its speed has decreased from time to time, has worn down Istanbul, Turkey's largest metropolis, in terms of both city-specific services and urban capacity, and that serious steps must be taken in the reverse migration process. The motives and motivations underlying the reverse migration process from Istanbul are given in detail, and some suggestions are included in the conclusion of the study.