Yüksek binaların normal tahliyesinde asansör kullanımının analizi: İş Kule ve Mersin Metropol Binası örnekleri

Normal evacuation and emergency evacuation are the two methods used in the evacuation analysis of buildings. Normal evacuation focuses on the evacuation efficiency of the building by eliminating the emergency conditions and the panic atmosphere that occurs in the building. Emergency evacuation, on the other hand, studies how the building evacuation will take place in a certain emergency situation. In this study, the normal evacuation of high-rise buildings was studied. The effect of the elevator in shortening the long evacuation times, which is the biggest problem encountered in the evacuation of high-rise buildings, has been investigated. The fraction of elevators/stairs use for the most efficient evacuation and the related design parameters were investigated. In this context, simulation studies were carried out on İş Tower and Mersin Metropol Building, which are among the tallest buildings in Turkey's recent history. The scanned plans of both buildings, which were published publicly on the internet, were redrawn by the author in the CAD environment and used in the modeling of the buildings in the PathfinderTM program. Pathfinder is an evacuation analysis program that is frequently used in the academic literature for the evacuation analysis of buildings. Within the scope of the study, five different scenarios for both buildings were modeled on the use of stairs and elevators at different fractions. It has been observed that the evacuation time of İş Tower is shortened by approximately 18% with the combined use of elevators and stairs (scenario 2- 25% elevator, 75% stairs (27 min)) compared to using only stairs (scenario 1-100% stairs (33 min)). It has been observed that the evacuation time of Mersin Metropol Building is shortened by approximately 40% with the combined use of elevator and stairs (scenario 3-50% elevator, 50% stairs (29 min)) compared to using only stairs (scenario 1-100% stairs (49)). Also, for İş Tower, using only stairs (scenario 1 (33 min)) provided faster evacuation than using only elevators (scenario 5 (52 min)). In Mersin Metropol Building, using only the elevator (scenario 5 (39 min)) provided faster evacuation than using only stairs (scenario 1 (49 min)). It has been observed that the design of the elevator lobby separately from the stair corridor in Mersin Metropol Building allows the elevators to be used more effectively. Also, the corridors providing access to the building stairs have a direct effect on the capacity of the stairs during evacuation. Most high-rise buildings are divided into vertical sections and these sections are accessed by separate elevators. It has been observed that while planning these sections, occupant load of these sections and the round-trip time of the elevator should be considered, otherwise the elevators will not be able to operate at maximum efficiency. In addition, it has been observed that placing the floors with high occupant loads in on the lower parts of the building is among the factors that facilitate evacuation.