Yüzeyaltı akışlı yapay sulak alanlar ile atıksulardan organik madde, nütrient ve mikrokirleticilerin giderimi

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are widely used in the treatment of wastewater of small settlements in Turkey. CWs that were build in Turkey could not be operated efficiently due to some failing during project, construction and operation stage. This thesis focuses on determination of the performance of subsurface flow CWs, to treatment of domestic wastewaters from Kazımkarabekir (Karaman/Turkey) on the first year of operation. Between July 2017 and May 2018, wastewater samples were analysed for COD, BOD5, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and micropollutants as heavy metals, poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) for a period of 11 months. The samples were taken from the raw wastewater and CWs effluent. The different removal efficiency was determined for nutrients, organic matters and micropollutants groups in each parameter. Removal efficiency was determined for organic matters; 82.4% in BOD5 parameter with 136 mg/L influent concentrations and 42.4% in COD parameter with 435 mg/L influent concentrations. Removal efficiency was determined for nutrients; 37.9% in TP parameter with 4 mg/L influent concentrations and 26.4% in TN parameter with 46.6 mg/L influent concentrations. In this study, heavy metals in micropollutants groups were selected, as Ni, Cd, Pb and Hg. Ni parameter which had 7527.5 ng/L influent concentration removal effiency was determined to be very low with 18.5 % only, and Pb parameter which had 3215.8 ng/L influent concentration removal effiency was determined to be better with 78 %. In the Cd and Hg parameters, removal efficiencies were found to be 60% and 54%, respectively. Removal efficiency for determined PAH groups in this study has been identified; 34.8% in Naphthalene with 114.7 ng/L influent concentrations, 45.7% in Fluoranthene with 22 ng/L influent concentrations and 33.6% in Benzo[k]fluoranthene with 9,8 ng/L influent concentrations. In addition, for Benzo[b]fluoranthene and Benzo(a)pyrene removal efficiency was determined to be low. PhACs compounds were analysed in this study, with 17α-ethynyloestradiol and 17β-estradiol didn't get the value because their concentration was below the LOQ. For Diclofenac which had 1034.6 ng/L influent concentrations removal efficiency was determined as 32.7% and for Carbamazapine which had 659.1 ng/L influent concentrations removal efficiency was determined as 46.9%. Kazımkarabekir CW was found to be effective in removing both conventional parameters and micropollutants in the first year of operating.