Determination of the recovery potential of phenol and phenolic compounds from olive pomace catalytic pyrolysis oil

The pyrolysis oil obtained as a result of the pyrolysis of olive pomace (OP) has high phenol (PNL) and phenolic component (TPC) content, and their recovery provides economic gain, recycling and prevention of environmental pollution. While phenol and phenolic compounds cause serious damage to the ecosystem as important environmental pollutants, when they are recovered, they will be transformed into an economic value in different sectors such as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, food and cosmetics, and at the same time, the cost of compensation for environmental damage will be eliminated. As a result of OP pyrolysis, solid, liquid and gaseous products are obtained they can be used in the production of energy and other raw materials. In this study, liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), distillation (CLD) and their combination were applied separately for the recovery of PNL and TPC from OP pyrolysis oil obtained under different conditions and with marble sludge catalyst. In the preliminary study, temperature, time and solvents were used as variables, and the variables with optimum efficiency were applied to the pyrolysis oil product of different pyrolysis conditions. TPC was determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method and PNL was determined by 4-Aminoantipyrine method. By examining the effect of the most efficient variable and pyrolysis conditions on yield, the highest recovery potential was found in pyrolysis oils obttained at 500°C+40%K and 600°C+40%K conditions, and the combined system was applied to these oils in both LLE+CLD and CLD+LLE sequence. Total PNL recovery in the combined system was higher in the LLE+CLD procedure. For oils obtained at 500 and 600°C from each 100 grams of OP pyrolysis, 74,4 mg and 94,8 mg of PNL can be recovered, respectively. TPC recovery was higher in the CLD+LLE treatment (22,6 and 17,7 mg TPC/100g OP). Components found as impurities by GC-MS scans are also components that have common use with phenol. It has been revealed that with the high antioxidant properties detected in the residual products of combined system waste, they do not create a waste and can be evaluated in different areas. Thus, with this study, a zero-waste third generation solution was produced from pyrolysis oil. Keywords: Distillation, extraction, phenol, pyrolysis oil