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Gelibolu Yarımadası'nın arkeolojik mirası: Bölgenin geçmişine dair bir araştırma
This thesis describes the history and archaeology of the Gallipoli Peninsula, which is located in northwestern Turkey with the Aegean Sea to the west and the Dardanelles to the east. The developments and history from the Palaeolithic Period up to the late Ottoman Period are examined. This thesis calls attention to the significance of the peninsula in terms of its roles as a home to several civilizations and cultures throughout the centuries, and its crucial location as a strategic geographical landmass.This thesis begins with a description of the geographical features of the peninsula. Then a history of Thrace, as well as the Balkan Peninsula and adjacent areas of the Gallipoli Peninsula from the Palaeolithic Period up to the Ottoman Period is given. This chapter provides a comparative perspective for the entire region.The main part of the thesis is divided according to the time periods from the Palaeolithic to the Ottoman. This section of the thesis includes the textual information regarding the peninsula, which covers data about its location, history, people, towns and even the way of lives of certain people, myths, which were written and told about the region and the history of the peninsula.This analysis addresses the significance of the relatively unexamined cultural heritage of the Gallipoli Peninsula. This investigation included an examination and analysis of the research which had been conducted by previous scholars about the region.
Onyedinci yüzyılda İngiltere'de basılmış kitaplardaki Osmanlı sultanı portreleri
This study concentrates on the analysis of Ottoman sultan portraits in books printed in seventeenth-century England. In this era, as a result of the improving relationships between England and the Ottoman Empire through trade and politics, the interest of the English in the Ottoman Empire increased. This interest stimulated the publication of books on the Ottoman Empire by English scholars, diplomats and travelers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Some of those books included illustrations depicting the Ottoman sultans. This thesis aims to place the portraits of the Ottoman sultans in seventeenth century English publications into the corpus of visual representation of the Ottoman rulers, both in Europe and the Ottoman Empire, from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. Through questioning the existence of a common iconography in visual representations of the Ottoman sultans until the eighteenth century and the compliance of the portraits in English publications to this iconographical language, this study demonstrates the possible sources for those portraits in Europe and reveals the aesthetical exchange between the Ottoman and European portraits of the Ottoman sultans.
Osmanlı saray hadımlarının yaptırdığı mimârî eserler üzerine karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma
This thesis examines the architectural works commissioned by Ottoman court eunuchs between the fifteenth and the eighteenth century, with special focus on Istanbul. As the first study that attempts to evaluate the collective behavior of Ottoman court eunuchs as patrons of architecture, it endeavors to chart particular patterns, trends, similarities, and differences among the works of eunuchs in terms of choice of architectural type, location, size, inscriptions, and decorative elements. Contextualizing individual projects within a historical narrative of eunuch patronage, it explores how the eunuchs? architectural output related to their identities, status, and power, as well as to the conceptions of propriety that informed building commissions. This thesis highlights a hitherto poorly studied part of the history of Ottoman court eunuchs, as it brings to the fore the white eunuch patrons who dominated the period before institutional change in the late sixteenth century allowed the chief black eunuch to emerge as an important figure in court politics. It is argued that the Ottoman court eunuch patronage had two main veins, one dominated by white eunuchs and the other by the chief black eunuch, two distinct eunuch identities which differ from one another on the basis of not only race, but also social origins, employment patterns, career prospects, and probably gender identities.
Konstantinopolis ve çevresinde bir azizenin izinde: Azize Euphemia?nin kültü ve Hipodrom?daki kilisesi için kurtarma planı teklifi
The cult of St. Euphemia who was martyred around 1700 years ago in Chalcedon (today?s Kadıköy) still exists today in İstanbul, and the feast day of the saint is celebrated every September 16 by the Greek-Orthodox Patriarchate as a continuing tradition since its emergence in the fourth century. Although Euphemia was an Eastern saint who was later associated with the definition of Chalcedonian Orthodoxy, she was venerated by the Western and Eastern Monophysite Churches as well. This thesis aims to understand the still-surviving cult as well as its importance for the city of Constantinople and the Christian world. Thus, on the basis of the Byzantine textual evidence the study examines the historical, cultural, theological, political and social reasons for the emergence and the propagation of the cult of St. Euphemia. Patriarchal records, pilgrims? accounts and the Byzantine chronicles will then be used to analyse the development and the wide geographical spread of her cult throughout the Christian world, the journey of her relics as well as the church and monastery dedications to the saint in and beyond the borders of Constantinople. The last chapter of this study presents a preliminary proposal for the future of the only surviving Byzantine church dedicated to St. Euphemia in Istanbul together with its surroundings in the historic town. The project will be based on international criteria for the sustainable conservation and management of cultural heritage property.
Ders kitaplarında kültürel mirasın sunumu: Türkiye'deki 4. ve 5. sınıf sosyal bilgiler ders kitaplarındaki (1974-2009) görsellerin incelenmesi
This study explores the Turkish Ministry of Education?s representation of the cultural heritage theme and cultural heritage items in Social Studies textbooks. In this regard, this thesis particularly discusses the role of cultural heritage items in the representation of Anatolian civilizations and the Turkish past, the types of the cultural heritage items that are represented, and the change in the cultural heritage notion over time.4th and 5th grade Social Studies textbooks published by the Turkish Ministry of Education in 1974-2009 provide the main sample for this study. The 6th and 7th grade Social Studies textbooks published in 2005 are also included, since the former 4th and 5th grade Social Studies curriculum was expanded to 6th and 7th grades after the education reform in 2004. Content analysis documents the quantity and allocation of illustrations in the textbooks, and in-depth qualitative analysis is conducted to interpret the illustration-text relation.The thesis shows that cultural heritage items, particularly the historic and archaeological monuments, are indispensable components of the Social Studies textbooks? content. They were often represented to prove the Turkish nation?s superiority, and the majority of them belong to the Ottoman and the Seljuk periods. In addition, while earlier textbooks emphasized the protection of cultural heritage as a ?national duty?, in recent textbooks this view is replaced with the world heritage notion.
Kültürel miras yönetimi ve sürdürülebilir turizmin geliştirilmesinde yakınsama oluşturma: Bergama, Türkiye vaka analizi
This study explores how the concept of sustainability can be applied to tourism development at cultural heritage sites in Turkey. First, the international origins of sustainable tourism development are examined, before addressing the growth of Turkey?s tourism industry as part of its economic development strategy. Interviews with practitioners in sustainable tourism development are used to show how sustainability objectives can be reconciled with ambitious plans to expand tourism in Turkey. These interviews are analyzed in order to understand how practitioners perceive and address cultural heritage. It is concluded that sustainable tourism practitioners would be interested in partnering with heritage managers on education and outreach projects to promote heritage awareness, and cultural tourism in Turkey is evolving into a high-end, niche market with specialized tour operators. These findings are taken into account in a case study of Bergama (ancient Pergamon). Recommendations are made for how to foster sustainable tourism development there, while building community stewardship of its archaeological and architectural assets. This study suggests that the first steps towards aligning tourism and heritage management at Bergama will require improving the visitor experience at the archaeological sites, investing in the local infrastructure and workforce for tourism, and broadening the role of community members in tourism development.
Müze deneyiminin geliştirilmesi: Hatay Arkeoloji Müzesi örneği
This study examines the Hatay Archaeological Museum, one of the most distinguished state museums in Turkey. The Museum?s uniqueness, indeed, lies in the quality of its rich mosaic collection comprised primarily of mosaics from ancient Antioch and its immediate vicinity, which rend the Museum one of the richest mosaic museums in the world, second after the Bardo National Museum of Tunisia. The city of Antioch was a vital metropolis known for its sophistication, for its wealth and prosperity, and for its setting along trade and communication crossroads.Since museums have been regarded as storage rooms and transmitters of national ideology in the modern era, they have been collection-oriented until the 1960s. The emergence of new philosophies, such as post-modernity and post-structuralism, affected the ontology of museums as well. In addition to their role of preserving, transmitting, and interpreting, in the present day, museums are also recognized as powerful centers for lifelong learning. Responding to the demands and expectations of the public, museums have developed new functions and approaches, and consequently, new departments in their organizational structures in order to establish mutual communication with their visitors, to enhance the museum experience for visitors, and to reach out to wider audiences. New developments include education programs, varied exhibition techniques, marketing tools and techniques, visitor studies, membership and volunteer programs, and diverse visitor facilities.In this context, this study asserts the necessity of the establishment of museum-visitor interaction and the enhancement of the museum experience at the Hatay Archaeological Museum through determination of the needs, and suggestions for possible museum offerings. The mosaic collection and the cultural and historical significance of the region should be communicated better in an appropriate way. In this regard, one form of education and communication tool is particularly emphasized: the production of a mosaic guidebook.
Bergama?da kültür turizmini geliştirmek: Bergama ve Midilli arasında bir kültür yolunu da içeren potansiyel yeni kültür turizmi ürünleri üzerine bir inceleme
Bergama, has a strategic importance for tourism on the western shores of Turkey and a great potential to be a center of cultural tourism. Even though Bergama has various historical attractions dating to the Hellenistic, Seljuk, and Ottoman times, the local stakeholders have benefited only partially from the tourism potential of the town. In this thesis, it is suggested that through the utilization of new cultural tourism products and the establishment of a new cultural tourist route between Bergama and Mytilene, a sustainable cultural tourism movement can be initiated in Bergama. These new projects will contribute both to a flourishing local economy in Bergama and in the region, and to the revitalization and intensification of cultural exchanges between Bergama and Mytilene. Accordingly, three new cultural tourism products will be proposed within the scope of this thesis. The first product suggested for Bergama is a new rural tourismactivity at Kozak Plateau. A second cultural tourism product is the establishment of a series of on-going summer schools, which will include workshops on arts and crafts, and classes on philosophy, history and languages. The third cultural tourism product proposed is the establishment of a cultural route between Mytilene and Bergama. These aim to expand the income and employment opportunities that residents of both towns could generate from tourism.
Kent kurtarma kazıları: İstanbul Yenikapı kurtarma kazıları örneği
The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview and analysis of urban rescue archaeology in Turkey using İstanbul Yenikapı Metro Marmaray Rescue Excavations as a case study.Excavations within the Marmaray Metro Projects in the city of İstanbulare, according to Turkish legislation, supposed to be under the authority of the local archaeological museum which in this case the İstanbul Archaeological Museums. Within the vast number of archaeological sites on the European and Asian sides of İstanbul the Yenikapı rescue excavations are the largest ones. Yenikapı located on the southern shores of the Marmara Sea, inside the Historical Peninsula and known as Langa corresponds the largest harbor of Byzantine Constantinople, Eleutherious. Excavations began in 2004 and where continuing in the time which this thesis completed.My research for the purpose of this thesis is formed by four main topics. These are the development of urban rescue excavations in Europe and in Turkey specifically; national and international legislations pertaining rescue excavations; analysis of preliminary studies about the Yenikapı excavations and in depth examination of problems deriving from rescue archaeology with specific attention paid to the Yenikapı case.This thesis analyses the definition of rescue excavations according tonational and international legislations and declarations. This thesis concludes that Turkey lacks adequate legislations of urban rescue archaeology and this lack might be the basis of problems arising excavations in urban context.
Alalakh ve amik höyükleri arkeolojik parkı: Alan yönetimi planlanmasına dair bir önçalışma
This thesis is a preliminary study towards a site management plan for the Bronze Age archaeological excavations at Tell Atchana/ancient Alalakh, situated in the Hatay province of the Republic of Turkey. A plan to develop an Amuq Settlements Archaeological Park was initiated in 2002 by the site directors of Alalakh and the neighboring site of Tell Tayinat and designs by an architect for public interpretation facilities were prepared in 2010 and procedures for in situ conservation will be implemented in 2012. The cultural heritage perspective presented here attempts to provide a holistic approach towards the management of an archaeological site, specifically focusing on the management of Alalakh and based on the already approved plans. This document is meant to serve as a first step towards the overall process of preserving the site, making it accessible to a public audience and maintaining a sustainable project. Within the internationally defined structure of a management plan, relevant theories, practices and methods have been applied and discussed in order to contextualize the current situation and the proposed designs. Additionally, this thesis includes suggestions for further amenities and community-based programs. This study will hopefully contribute towards the practical application of cultural heritage standards and legal framework at archaeological sites in Turkey and provide a unique example of how a project with multiple aspects may be conceptualized, integrated and presented.
Sanat müzesi ziyaretçileri: İstanbul Pera Müzesi ve Venedik Peggy Guggenheim Müzesi arasında kıyaslamalı bir inceleme
This study started with the aim to answer questions such as ?Who is the art museum visitor??, ?Who are the art museum visitors in the world and in Turkey??, ?How do they differ??, ?Why do they differ??, ?What effect do cultural policies have on the audiences of art museums?? and ?Why are there so many museums opening recently in Turkey??. To answer these questions and many related ones, in this study a comparative analysis of the audiences of two private art museums, the Pera Museum in Istanbul and the Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice, is presented. The study answers these questions and many related ones. The results show that the Turkish visitor share similarities with the art museum visitor in the world, but many local factors such as demographics, cultural regulations, economic and other types of surplus such as time, also have considerable effect on cultural attendance. The most important demographics indicators are gender and education. Co-existing and different visitor segments were identified, which are evidence for a diversifying visitor base rather than completely elite audience. The first part focuses on the aims, the value and validity of the study in order to understand the forces governing art museums as members of the non-profit sector. The second part summarizes the theoretical background valid for the cultural economics of the museums. The third part is an analysis of the audiences, compares them and offers synthesis and results valid for museum management. The last part deals with a brief Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis of the institutions, whose content provides insights on what museum audiences might expect from an art museum.