Theses supervised by Prof. Dr. Mustafa Karatepe
11 theses · Fırat University
Diyabet mellitus tip 2'li hastalarda serum vitamin B12'nin incelenmesi
S Background: Vitamin B12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin contain in the optimal functioning of the hemopoetic, neuro-cognitive and vascular systems. It is involved in DNA synthesis, fatty acid metabolism. Vitamin B12 exerts its physiological effects by facilitating the methylation of homocysteine to methionine which is later activated into S-adenosyl methionine that donates its methyl group to methyl acceptors. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the Azadi Education Hospital Endocrine and Diabetes Unit in Duhok, Iraq. This study was measured using 95 subjects, 70 patients with T2DM, HDL, LDL and FBS, auto analyzer Cobas 6000. Glycated hemoglobin (HPLC D10) was made with an auto analyzer device. Results: In patients with T2DM, serum vit B12 level was significantly lower than the control group. high significant between gender and vitamin B12 deficiency among the non-elderly healthy adult population. Conclusion: As a result of high significant between Vit B12 deficiency with gender group , severe vitamin B12 deficiency this can be illustrate by neither behavior nor influence of estrogen ,genetic variance thus hypothesis to play function .
Evaluation biological activity of 1,2,4-triazole mannich base
Biological evaluation of a 1,2,4-triazole mannich base that has been synthesized for interesting behavior in the pharmacological area. This study investigated and evaluated multiple biological characters of a derivative triazole compound synthesized by other researchers. Multiple assays were performed like antimicrobial (for bacterial and a fungal), antioxidant, and anticancer to know its ability as an agent versus of those health damage factors. Antimicrobial test managed based on agar disc diffusion, in the antioxidant assays used DPPH•, ABTS•+, OH• radical scavenging activity methods, used S. cerevisiae yeast cells and treated with the compound to measure vitamins (A, C, E) and MDA inside it and role of the compound as an antioxidant, and measured cytotoxic activity for two different cell lines which are MCF-7 and Hep-G2. The results of this study show that a positive role of a derivative 1,2,4-triazole mannich base as antimicrobial and antiradical assays, like fungal growth inhibition, is more than bacterial, OH• radical scavenging activity is higher than the standard BHT and other radical forms, but didn't exhibit feasibility activity to reduce both cancer cell lines.
Pullu sazan (Cyprinus carpio)' da bakır sülfatla uyarılmış toksisiteye karşı polenin koruyucu etkisi
Bu çalışmada sazanlarda (Cyprinus carpio) polenin bakır sülfata karşı koruyucu etkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı. Balıklara 0,5 ve 1 mg/L konsantrasyonlarında iki farklı doz olarak bakır sülfat uygulandı. Bakır sülfat uygulanan balıklara eş zamanlı olarak 5 mg/kg polen enjekte edildi. Deneme 14 gün sürdü ve 7. ve 14. günlerde balıklardan doku örnekleri (karaciğer, böbrek ve solungaç) alındı. Doku örneklerinde malondialdehit düzeyi, katalaz, glutatyon peroksidaz ve glutatyon-S-transferaz aktiviteleri ile redükte glutatyon düzeyi incelendi. Bakır sülfat verilen grupların doku malondialdehit düzeylerinin kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak yüksek olduğu gözlendi (p < 0.05). Bakır sülfat ile aynı anda polen uygulanan gruplarda doku malondialdehit düzeyleri tek başına bakır sülfat uygulanan gruplara göre daha düşük bulundu (p < 0.05). Tek başına polen uygulanan grupta doku malondialdehit düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre azaldı (p < 0.05). Bakır sülfat uygulanan gruplarda doku katalaz ve glutatyon peroksidaz aktiviteleri ve redükte glutatyon düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak azalırken, doku glutatyon-S-transferaz aktiviteleri anlamlı olarak arttı (p < 0.05). Bakır sülfat ile aynı anda polen uygulanan gruplarda doku katalaz ve glutatyon peroksidaz aktiviteleri ve redükte glutatyon düzeyleri tek başına bakır sülfat uygulanan gruplara göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek iken, doku glutatyon-S-transferaz aktiviteleri anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (p < 0.05). Tek başına polen uygulanan grupta doku katalaz ve glutatyon peroksidaz aktiviteleri ve redükte glutatyon düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre arttı (p < 0.05). Bu artış doku glutatyon-S-transferaz aktiviteleri için önemsiz bulundu (p > 0.05).
Bazı yenilebilir bitkilerin antiradikal, antibakteriyel ve antikanser özellikleri ile içerdikleri fitokimyasal bileşiklerin saptanması
Bitkilerde doğal yolla meydana gelen antioksidan bileşikler antibakteriyel, antikanser ve antiradikal özellikler gösterirler. Bu antioksidan bileşikler bitkilerin meyvelerinde, tohumlarında, çiçeklerinde, kabuklarında ve köklerinde bol miktarda bulunmaktadır. Yapılan çok sayıda araştırma meyve ve sebzelerin bol miktarda tüketilmesinin hastalıklara yakalanma oranını düşürüp, kalp-damar rahatsızlıklarında, kanser vakalarında ve ölüm oranlarında belirgin düzeyde azalmayı sağladığını göstermiştir. Bitkilerin sahip olduğu potansiyel antiradikal, antibakteriyel ve antikanser özelliklerin belirlenmesi ve bitkilerin içerdiği fitokimyasal bileşiklerin (fenolik asitler, flavonoitler, vitaminler, steroller, yağ asitleri, vs) belirlenmesi son yıllarda büyük bir ilerleme kaydetmeye başlamıştır. Ayrıca son zamanlarda antibiyotiklere dirençli bakterilerin ortaya çıkması ve sentetik antibiyotiklerin, kanser ve tümör tedavisinde kullanılan sentetik ilaçların sahip olduğu istenmeyen yan etkiler, doğal kaynaklı antibiyotikler ve ilaçların üretilmesine öncülük etmiştir. Bu çalışmada Elazığ ve çevresinden toplanan Celtis tournefortii (dağdağan), Malva neglecta (ebegümeci), Rheum ribes (ışgın), Rumex acetosella (kuzukulağı) ve Portulaca oleracea (semizotu) bitkilerinin su, etanol ve metanol ekstrelerinin antiradikal, antibakteriyel ve antikanser özellikleri ve bu bitkilerin içerdiği fitokimyasal bileşikler saptandı. Ekstrelerin antiradikal özellikleri DPPH, ABTS ve OH radikali yok etme testleri ile incelenirken; antibakteriyel özellikleri ise Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus bakterileri ve Candida albicans mayası gibi enfeksiyona neden olabilen farklı mikroorganizmalara karşı belirlendi. Bu bitkilerin antikanser özellikleri MCF-7 (insan meme kanseri), HCT-116 (insan kolon kanseri), PC-3 (insan prostat kanseri) ve A2780 (insan over kanseri) hücreleri üzerinde in vitro şartlar altında MTT testiyle saptandı. Ayrıca bu beş bitki türünün içerdiği vitaminler, steroller, flavonoitler, fenolik asitler ve yağ asitleri de tayin edildi. Sonuçlara göre M. neglecta metanol ve C. tournefortii su ekstresinin OH radikali yok etmede; P. oleracea su ekstresinin ABTS radikali yok etmede; R. ribes ve R. acetosella su, etanol ve metanol ekstrelerinin OH, ABTS, DPPH radikali yok etmede standart antioksidan BHT'den daha yüksek aktivite gösterdikleri belirlendi. Ekstrelerin antibakteriyel aktiviteye sahip oldukları, özellikle bazı bakteri türlerini standart antibiyotikten daha etkili yok ettikleri gözlendi. Bu tezdeki bitkilerin MCF-7, HCT-116, PC-3 ve A2780 kanser hücreleri üzerinde artan doza bağlı olarak çok etkili antikanser aktivite gösterdikleri belirlendi (p<0.05).
The new melatonin dervative, its some biological activities and HPLC application
In this study, it is aimed to synthesize a new derivative of melatonin and evaluate the biological properties of this new derivative as well as to develop a new method for analyzing HPLC. In the first step, the new derivative of this compound was prepared with benzyl chloride. The purity control of the obtained derivative was made by means of melting point and the chemical structure was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR and 13C-NMR spectral analyses and results with elemental analysis were supported. In the second step, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of synthesized melatonin derivative were investigated using different microorganism and antioxidant methods. In the last step, the method for the analysis of the new derivative in biological sample by HPLC-UV was developed.
Hidroksiüre türevi schiff bazı metal komplekslerinin in vivo ve in vitro antitümör özelliklerinin araştırılması
Schiff bazları epoksidasyon reksiyonlarında katalizör, iletken polimerlerin eldesinde monomer, antifungal, antibakteriyel, antimikrobiyal ve bazı oksidatif radikal türlerine karşı antioksidan olarak kullanılmaktadır. Son yılllarda, birçok Schiff bazları türevi sentezlenmeye devam edilmektedir. Bunların önemli bir kısmı organik sentezlerde yeni bileşiklerin tasarımında ara basamak olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmada, hidroksiüre türevi Schiff bazı metal komplekslerinin insan kolon kanseri (HT 29) üzerindeki etkisi in vitro ve ratlarda in vivo olarak araştırıldı. In vitro denemelerde MTT testi uygulandı. In vivo deneme 5 grup halinde yürütüldü. Gruplar sırası ile Azoksimetan (AOM) + Yağ + Dimetil sülfoksit (DMSO), AOM + Cis-15, AOM + L-Cd, AOM + L-Cu ve AOM + L-Zn'den oluşturuldu. Kolon kanseri oluşturmak için AOM enjeksiyonu 3 defa (haftada bir kez) subkutan 15 mg/kg CA dozunda enjekte edildi. Araştırma 28 hafta sürdü. Deneme gruplarındaki tüm hayvanlarda % 100 oranında kolon mukozası epitelinde hafif displazi tespit edildi. Şiddetli displazi L-Cu grubu dışındaki diğer deneme gruplarında; adenokarsinom ise Cis-15 ve L-Cu hariç diğer deneme gruplarında gözlendi. Sonuç olarak in vitro çalışmada Schiff bazı metal kompleksleri etkili bir aktivite göstermiştir, in vivo çalışmada ise bu kompleksler pek etkili olmamıştır.
Ferrosenil ditiyofosfonat bileşiklerinin bazı biyolojik özellikleri
Bu çalışmada sentezlenmiş olan ferrosenil ditiyofosfonat bileşiği türevi metal komplekslerinin çoklu biyolojik özellikleri araştırılmış ve değerlendirilmiştir. Antimikrobiyal (bakteri ve mantar için), antioksidan ve antikanser gibi, sağlığa zarar veren faktörlere karşı bir ajan olarak yeteneğini bilmek için çoklu testler yapılmıştır. Antimikrobiyal testler için agar disk difüzyon yöntemi kullanılmış, antioksidan aktivite için DPPH • , ABTS •+ , HO radikal süpürücü yöntemleri kullanılmış ve iki hücre dizisi üzerinde (MCF-7 ve Hep- G2) için sitotoksik aktivite ölçülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, L1 bileşiğinin etkili bir antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte bileşikler ılımlı bir antioksidan aktiviteye sahiptir ve her iki kanser hücresi için antitümör ajan olarak kullanılamaz.
Evaluation of some antigenic and biochemical parameters in prostate cancer patients
Prostate cancer in men is the most common form of the disease. PCa is a public health concern, particularly in areas where the population is ageing. Patients with prostate cancer who have a prostate-specific antigen level of more than 20 ng/ml, with a Gleason score of 8–10. The aim of this study was to examine some of the blood tests as potential diagnostic indicators for prostate cancer. The research was carried out at the Rezgari Hospital and the Nanakali Hospital in Erbil from 17/4/2021 to 1/12/2021 at the two hospitals in the city. In the "test group," one hundred men with prostate cancer were chosen, and in the "control group," fifty healthy volunteers with similar age and sex were chosen. The data was collected by the use of questionnaires, and the results were analyzed using (SPSS) and Graphpad prism. The EPCA2 showed a highly significant increase in both age groups (50-69 and 70-90) as compared to control subjects. PSCA, showed a significant increase in prostate cancer patients for both age groups (50-69 and 70-90) as compared to the control group in the same age groups. The PSMA result showed a highly significant increase in both age groups (50-69 and 70-90) as compared to its control subjects. Also the results showed that significant increase in Cu and significant decrease in Fe, Se and Zn in PCa patients as compared to control group. PCA3 and PSMA were elevated in prostate cancer patients and can use as a marker for prostate cancer because PCA3 and PSMA more accurate than PSA. PSA showed positive significant correlation with EPCA2, PSCA, PSMA, PCA3, APN, IL-6 and uPa. Also PSA showed no significant correlation with vitamin A, EZH2, DHT, Cu, Fe, Se and Zn. PSA showed negative significant correlation with vitamin E
Some biological properties of jojoba oil
In this study, the effects of jojoba oil (Simmondsia chinensis) on MDA and antioxidant vitamin levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were investigated, along with its biological properties such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Jojoba oil is derived from its seeds and has a distinct chemical structure compared to other vegetable oils. It exists as a liquid wax, composed of long-chain fatty alcohols and fatty acids. Unlike conventional plant oils, jojoba oil is pure, odorless, and has an extended shelf life. Due to its anti-aging properties (enhancing cellular activity and rejuvenation), it is widely used in creams and ointments. The oil exhibits natural antioxidant characteristics owing to its content of allylic derivatives of hydroxytoluene. Jojoba essential oil has been reported to be effective in treating sunburn, wounds, hair loss, headaches, and sore throat. To evaluate the antioxidant properties of jojoba oil, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical cation decolorization assay and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity tests were conducted, and the results were compared with synthetic antioxidants such as BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) It was observed that jojoba oil exhibited moderate antioxidant activity Jojoba oil was administered at various doses to examine its effects on malondialdehyde (MDA)and antioxidant vitamin levelsin Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Analyses revealed that jojoba oil reduced antioxidant vitamin levels and increased MDA levels in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cellular environment. In the analyses conducted to determine antimicrobial activity, jojoba oil was found to exhibit weak effects against various pathogenic microorganisms. The obtained data are significant for elucidating the properties of the oil. Understanding the antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oils will provide valuable insights for future studies.
Evaluation serum level of malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal as biomarkers of oxidative stress in breast cancer patients
Breast cancer is a highly variable type of cancer and it is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in females around the world. Another important fact to note is that it is expected that there will be about 3.2 million incidences of breast cancer by the year 2050. This study will be an extensive examination of different aspects of breast cancer. It will particularly focus on the oxidative stress biomarkers in breast cancer. Most importantly, these biomarkers can tell us about the development of the disease according to the study. Breasts are made up of both lobular and ductal glands. It is further surrounded by supportive stromal tissue. It undergoes hormonal change and development in a woman's life. Breast cancer is caused by a combination of factors. These include BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations, and hormones. Other causes are reproductive history, obesity, alcohol and smoking. Breast density and age are also causes. Various types of breast cancer include DCIS, IDC, lobular carcinoma, IBC and MBC and stage according to size of tumor, lymph node involvement and spread. Self-exams, mammography, ultrasound, MRI and biopsy are used for diagnosis. There are many options available for treating cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormone therapy. The formation of reactive oxygen species may cause cancer by damaging the DNA, causing mutation and inflammation. A total of 90 women within the age group of 20 to 65 years of both breast cancer and case control have taken part. Case control involved 50 breast cancer women and 40 healthy women. Sample collection was conducted at Hiwa Cancer Hospital, and examined through ELISA Lac at Malikat Al Rahma Laboratory. The study highlighted the measurement of two biomarkers of oxidative stress; MDA and 4 HNE. Levels of MDA and 4-HNE were significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in controls (p<0.0001), corroborating lipid peroxidation. Patients had a higher average BMI and were older as well. These oxidative stress results showing raised levels of MDA and 4-HNE may play an important role in breast cancer development. Based on the research, MDA and HNE could be possible diagnostic/prognostic markers of breast cancer along with age and BMI, as they are oxidative stress markers.
Prostat kanserinde lipid peroksidasyon biyobelirteçleri malondialdehit (MDA) ve 4-hidroksinonenal (4-HNE) serum düzeyi
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer diagnosis, and it has become one of the most common causes of cancer death in men. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of oxidative stress biomarkers, MDA and 4-HNE with prostate cancer, and their potential risk-modifying influence with age and body mass index (BMI). The prostate is a gland in your male reproductive system. Also, it is an exocrine gland. The functional activity of the prostate is to produce seminal fluid. However, it is susceptible to cancer from time to time. Further, the risk of prostate cancer can be due to both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. The first ones are a fault of our lifestyle while the last ones are due to growing old, genetics, etc. Eighty-two male subjects aged 40–82 years were included in this study. This subjects are divided into two groups. There were 42 patients of prostate cancer with histopathological confirmation and 40 healthy controls. Blood samples were first taken and tested. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were also run on them. This is for conducting a quantitative determination of the levels of 4-HNE and MDA. The serum quantities of MDA and 4-HNE were found to be significantly higher in the prostate cancer group (MDA: 11.11±2.423 ng/ml; 4-HNE: 0.3737±0.08529 ng/ml or 373.7±85.29 pg/ml) as compared to controls (MDA: 8.423±1.597 ng/ml; 4-HNE: 0.2995±0.04394 ng/ml or 299.5±43.94 pg/ml) with p-values <0.0001. Moreover, the patients also had a significantly higher BMI (28.17±3.707 kg/m² vs. 25.42±2.1 kg/m²) and mean age (63.34±9.888 years vs. 57.58±11.09 years). The study highlights how oxidative stress involvement in prostate cancer development can be harmful. A lipid peroxides' breakdown products like MDA and 4-HNE can damage DNA and bring about mutations. Due to old age or overweight state, oxidative damage further gets multiplied. MDA and 4-HNE may be useful as diagnostic or prognostic marker. Moreover, oxidative stress status of the system may be critical for prevention or management of PCa. Further ongoing studies should use methods combined of molecular, genetic environment etc to make troubleshoots targeted.