The social life of non-Muslims in the Ottoman Empire in the 17th century: The case of Istanbul

The Ottoman Empire provided broad equality for non-Muslims, regardless of their religion. In 17th-century Istanbul, non-Muslim social life stands out as a part of the Ottoman Empire's cosmopolitan structure. Non-Muslims could live in the same neighborhoods as Muslims, engage in trade, and access religious courts. They could freely use their churches and synagogues to fulfill their religious obligations and actively participate in economic activities. The Ottoman administration granted non-Muslims broad equality and protected their religious and social lives. Furthermore, non-Muslims made significant economic and cultural contributions to Ottoman society. Istanbul stands out as one of the cities where this diversity was most intensely experienced.