Education reform efforts in the Turkic world in the late 19th and early 20th century and criticism of Usul-i Jadid movement from the viewpoint of education philosophy

Usul-i Jadid is an educational and intellectual movement and a process of social transformation. The movement takes its name from its innovative reform efforts. The Usul-i Jadid process, differently from reform movements supported and organised by government, was a product of social dynamics and took place under a colonial administration. The late 19th and early 20th century was the period in which the movement was active. Influence area of the movement was the Muslim Turkic peoples, who were under the rule of the Russian Empire. In the study, the education dimension of the Usul-i Jadid movement was examined and analyzed philosophically. On the one hand, the starting point of the Usul-i Jadid Movement, the reasons for its emergence, its character, the structure of the targe society and the scope of educational reforms are examined in detail. On the other hand, the movements of idea that are effective on the Usul-i Jadid, are described and important developments in which the Usul-i Jadid Movement plays a vitale role, are disscussed. At the end of the study, a wide coverage is given to the reflections of Usul-i Jadid on the Turkic World and Anatolia. It is also argued, whether this education movement can be described as sui generis. During this discussion, its similarities and differences with the Renaissance process are also examined.