After 1980 modern Turkish landspace art

Landscape picture has been interpreted in many different ways in art throughout history. Painting by emulating a landscape is the best way of conveying the artistic expression for most artists. Landscape theme in art did not lose its significance as a subject in the 20th century, either. After the year of 1980 landscape theme in art was affected by the changes in art and this influence has continued up to the present. In Turkish art of painting, there is no sense of art that interprets nature and its interraction in terms of form and content. It can be seen in work of arts that artists look at nature ecologically and reflect it in their arts as intellectual and critical. From another angle of these works, it has been observed that cultural environment which artists live in and cultural environment recollections are highly influencial. First landscape descriptions were seen in Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. However, these descriptions were used as a background helping the subject. First examples of landscape picture in Ottoman Empire are miniatures which are topographic pictures in manuscripts whose subjects are history. Landscape is also main subject in wall picture which took the place of miniature art in the second half of the 18th century. 19th century artists who were civils or served in the military used landscape as the main subject,too. In 1914 Generation building a bridge between the 19th and the 20th century, we see more free, individual interpretations moving away from objective approach in landscape picture . In this connection, nature and art relation started to emerge in the works of Independent and D-Group artists. With the proclamation of the republic that had a great impact on the development of landscape picture, mostly, works bearing the stamps of modern art emerged. It is seen that individual abstract tendency started after the year of 1950. In the third part, discussing abstraction on social economic base with landscape theme has been studied. In art and plastic arts, it has been seen that artists who expressed themselves by using symbols and forms also used landscape themes. Furthermore, increasing sensitivity to nature, artists who developed a language criticizing city landscapes and some examples of works of art have been examined in detail. Landscape themed pictures in Turkish art of painting after the year of 1980, can be classified as landscape picture in abstract tendency, symbolist and expressionist lanscape picture and city views. Today, when we mention landscape, we do not study only nature themed landscapes which belong to a specific period, many other different headings such as villages, towns, cities, streets, changing of the world, population increase, non-planned urbanization, social, political and economic developments, changes, wars, droughts, environmental pollution, desensitisation to nature are discussed and studied. Landscape picture is becoming more and more complicated form in which some symbols related to environment are used. Our vision perception that changed quickly due to technology is constantly repeating meanings regarding symbols. Now, in this chaos, studying a landscape picture only as a simple landscape picture is almost impossible. Today, when landscape painting art works are studied, it is seen that artists show personal and authentic features. Artist have presented their creativities in terms of form and content with distinctive philosophical and intellectual purposes. It has been observed that in landscape painting art which does not have any restrictions in terms of techniques or materials, new meanings and concepts are being produced. Key words: Nature, Landscape Painting, Modern Turkish Painting