Critical junctures of American and Russian intelligenceservices

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the critical junctures that come with the challenges faced by the institutionalization of American and Russian intelligence service in detail. The thesis focuses on factors affecting structural changes of American and Russian intelligence services. In this thesis, first of all, the history of American and Russian intelligence services ıs-is mentioned, then the critical junctures of these services and the factors that cause these critical junctures are discussed. After examining the effects of critical junctures on institutional structures, structural conditions of institutions after critical junctures are examined. Finally, the current institutional structures and their latest situations are examined. In this thesis, primary and secondary sources are used. The primary sources consisted of the CIA and former intelligence workers' documents. The cause-and-effect relationship between the breakpoints easily provided by the chronological order of the developments has been clearly demonstrated. When the history of the institutions is approached by means of resources, it is observed that the intelligence institutions have undergone structural changes sensitive to the threat priorities, international system, and technology in terms of providing national security. In addition, it was also determined that the approaches of statesmen were effective in the structural changes and enforcement styles of the institutions. Key Words: Intelligence, Critical Junctures, Intelligence Organizations, Cold War, Terrorism