Calligraphy in wood carving of Anatolian Seljuk and Principalities Period

In this thesis, under the title of "Calligraphy in Wood Carving in the Anatolian Seljuk and Principalities Period", the calligraphy works produced on wood with carving and similar techniques in the mentioned periods were examined, classified and evaluated in terms of their different features. These works are geographically located in Anatolia and belong to a period of three centuries from the end of the 12th century to the first half of the 14th century. Important architectural structures representing the period such as Beyşehir Eşrefoğlu Mosque, Afyonkarahisar Ulu Mosque, Sivrihisar Ulu Mosque, Mahmud Bey Mosque, Konya Alaeddin Mosque, Ankara Arslanhane Mosque and works in local museums such as Afyonkarahisar Museum, Ankara Ethnography Museum, İnce Minare Stone and Wood Works Museum, Kastamonu Liva Paşa Mansion Ethnography Museum, Sahib Ata Foundation Museum were examined. The predominant calligraphy type in the works is Seljuk celi thuluth, while kufi and maq'ili compositions are also seen. In the inscriptions, verses, hadiths, prayers and similar texts were preferred, and most of them were in Arabic, but Turkish and Persian were also included. Deep carvings with flat or round surfaces, carvings giving the impression of double layers, and openwork carving techniques resembling lace were used on wooden elements such as the pulpit, door, window sash, coffin, lectern, and pulpit. In the Seljuk celî sülüs, the 1/3 measure stands out in the main element ratios such as the width, length, depth, round and sharp straight lines of the letters. The roundness of the bowled letters, the thick start of the upright letters and the thin end, and the curving of the lower ends to the left are the distinctive features of the Seljuk celî sülüs.