The relation between cytokines in mother milk (TGF-Beta1 ve IL-10) and wheezy infant

ABSTRACTThe relation between cytokine in mother milk (TGF- ve IL-10) and wheezy infant1The main reason of wheezing attacks in infancy period is viral infections, especiallyRSV infection. Asthma is most important cause of recurrent wheezing.The recent extensive studies have reported that, upper and lower respiratory systeminfections are significantly less seen in the children that were fed with human milk. In thestudies carried out in developed countries, it has been shown that, breastfeeding protects theinfants against recurrent wheezing attacks. However, it is not clear that which component ofhuman milk causes this protective effect.Today, it has been shown that human milk contains many cytokines. Colostrumcontains considerable amount of cytokines which is important bioactive component for thedevelopment of immature organ system in neonatal period.In this study, we aimed to determine whether the protective effect of breastfeedingagainst wheezing attack is related with the amount of TGF- and IL-10 in human milk, and1the types and the frequency of the wheezing seen in the first year of the life, and to investigatethe demographic and feeding factors that could affect these phenotypes. Healthy and maturenewborns were enrolled to the study and are followed for one year for wheezing. TGF- and1IL-10 amounts in their mothers? colostrums and mature milk were also measured.After one year follow-up, %48.8 of infants had experienced at least one wheezingattack , in %16.2 persistent wheezing, in %25.6 recurrent wheezing, in %30.2 currentwheezing, in %20.9 viral induced wheezing and doctor diagnosed asthma was found in %9.3in our study. While the risk factors for wheezing are being single child and maternal asthma,for the asthma the risk factor is high birth weight. For the atopic dermatitis, being born in theautumn is the risk factor. When the effect of TGF- 1 and IL-10 in human milk is investigated,it has been determined that the level of TGF- in colostrums protects not against atopic1wheezing but against possible viral induced wheezing (transient nonatopik wheezing). Theconcentration of TGF- 1 in mature milk was higher in infants with asthma and in infants withcurrent wheezing. (p=0.023 and p=0.002) These results suggests that the level of TGF- in1mature milk does not protect against atopic wheezing, indeed increases the wheezing risk ininfants with atopy background. Higher concentration of TGF- 1 in mature milk of infants withasthma is also supports this result. More and extensive research should be done in order toinvestigate the effects of cytokine in human milk and learn about long term molecular andbiologic results.Keywords: Wheezy infant, asthma, human milk, TGF- 1, IL-10.