Determination of seasonal variations of insecticide resistance alles in anopheles sacharovi populations

The subfamily Anophelinae belonging to the family Cullicidae from the Nematocera suborder of the Diptera order of the Insecta class of the Arthropoda branch includes 2 genera, Anopheles and Cellia. Anopheles sacharovi, classified in the genus Anopheles, is the vector of malaria. Vector mosquitoes are responsible for the spread of many dangerous diseases (yellow fever, malaria, etc.) in the world. According to the estimates of the World Health Organization (WHO), 229 million malaria cases were seen in 2019, and 409 thousand of these cases resulted in death. This disease is transmitted to humans by the bite of female Anopheles mosquitoes. For this reason, many methods are used to combat mosquitoes. Insecticides are used intensively and carelessly in chemical control, which is one of these methods. Therefore, resistance development occurs in these organisms. Since mosquitoes have a high reproductive rate and adaptability, it is very important to investigate resistance mechanisms. In this study, target site desensitization mutations, which is one of the resistance acquisition mechanisms in Anopheles sacharovi mosquitoes, were studied. For this purpose, G119S mutations in the Acetylcholinesterase gene product and L1014S mutations in the Voltage sensitive sodium channel gene product were examined by collecting samples from 6 provinces (Çanakkale, Muğla, İzmir, Aydın, Balıkesir and Denizli) from 3 different collection periods. In the gene encoding the acetylcholinesterase protein, the serine mutation was not found to be homozygous during the periods studied. The mutation frequency was determined as 0.00 in the first collection period, 0.14 in the second collection period and 0.00 in the third collection period. In voltage sensitive sodium channel protein, the incidence of serine mutation was determined as 0.05 in the first collection period, 0.13 in the second collection period and 0.01 in the third collection period. In our study, a low level of resistance mutation frequency was observed for both Ace and Vssc genes. Mutation data different from each other were obtained in two gene products. This indicates that other resistance mechanisms may be more effective in addition to the target site desensitization mechanism in the development of resistance against the investigated insecticide groups in the samples examined.