Effect of genotype, medium and auxin on haploid plant regeneration from anthers of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

This study was conducted to determine the effects genotype, medium and auxin kind on the haploid plant regeneration in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture. In the study, the spikes from the plants of 8 bread wheat cultivars, one bread wheat line and 8 F1 hybrids of them were cultured on the two different media (P2 and N6) containing 2 mg/l of one of the three different auxins (2,4-D, dicamba and picloram). In the experiment, percentage of anthers produced callus or embryoid, numbers of regenerated plants, green plants as well as albino plants were determined. Results of the study showed that genotype was most important factor affecting plant regeneration from anthers of wheat. In the experiment, the averaged percentage of responding anthers forming callus or embryoid was determined as 2.6 %. The responding anthers percentage was significantly influenced by genotype and interactions of medium x auxin and medium x genotype while medium and kind of auxin did not directly affect the responding anther percentage. The averaged numbers of regenerated plants and green plants as well as albino plants per 100 cultured anthers were determined as 1.7, 0.8 and 1, respectively. The anthers cultured on the medium with dicamba or picloram showed significantly higher ratios of plant and green plant regeneration than those cultured on the medium with 2,4-D. The anthers of F1 hybrid Esperial x 1013 gave higher ratios of plant and green plant regeneration on the P2 medium with dicamba or picloram than on the other combinations of medium and auxin. On the other hand, anthers of the cultivars Bologna and Alora showed higher ratios of plant and green plant regeneration on the N6 medium with dicamba than the other combinations of medium and auxin. None of the combinations of the medium and auxin resulted in significantly changing in the ratios of plant and green plant regeneration of other genotypes tested. The ratio of albino plant regeneration was not significantly influenced by genotype, medium and kind of auxin. From the results of study, it was concluded that in order to effectively exploit the anther culture in the breeding program of wheat, medium and kind of auxin should be determined for each genotype in the breeding program.