Antimicrobial activity of various plant extracts against bacterial pathogens isolated from urinary tract infection patients

This study included isolating and diagnosing some bacterial species that cause urinary tract infections and testing the effect of water and alcoholic extracts of the fruits of garlic and ginger plants, as this study was conducted in the laboratories of Azadi Hospital in Kirkuk. The hospital, for the period from 1/11/2021 to 10/3/2022, included males and females aged (15-60) years, with a percentage of ((70%) females and (30%) males. After sampling the samples on the media: Blood agar, MacConkey agar and Mannitol Salt agar gave (150) samples of them bacterial growth when planted at a rate of (75%), as it gave two types of growth negative for gram dye (73.3%) and positive for gram dye (26.7%), while the other 50 samples did not give any bacterial growth. It is higher among females (70%) while males (30%). The highest rate of infection was recorded in the age group (15-30) years in both sexes. Also, the incidence of urinary tract infections increased among pregnant married women more than others. Bacterial isolates were isolated and diagnosed based on their phenotypic characteristics, biochemical tests and diagnosis using Analytical Profile Index 20E system, and the following types appeared: E. coli 45 isolates (30%), K. pneumonia 25 isolates (16.7%), S.aureus 40 isolates (26.6%), P.aeruginosa 15 isolates (10%), P. mirabilis 25 isolates (16.7%). Ten antibiotics belonging to different groups were tested in the extent of their effect on the isolated bacterial species, and they included Penicillin, Nalidixic acid, amoxicillin - clavulanic acid, Clindamycin, Ceftriaxone, Cefixime Trimethoprim, Nitrofurantion, Ciprofloxacin, Amikacin, and the tablets method was used, as the isolates showed different patterns of resistanceThe efficacy of extracts of garlic and ginger plants, in water and alcohol, was also tested at the concentrations (25%), (50%) and (100%) and on the isolated bacterial species, as K pneumonia and P. aeruginosa had the highest sensitivity with a percentage of 22 mm at the alcohol concentration of 100% for garlic. For the ginger plant, S aureus bacteria showed the highest sensitivity with a percentage of 20 mm at the alcohol concentration of 100%. From this it is clear that the alcoholic extract is more efficient than the aqueous extract of both plants, and the concentration of 100% was the most effective concentration on the bacterial isolates.