Chronotopes of Nationalism in the novels of Ateşten Gömlek, Sodom ve Gomore and Üç İstanbul

For a long time, time and space, which are important elements of fictional texts, have been handled and analyzed separately in textual studies. Russian critic Mikhail Mikhailovich Bahtin, on the other hand, put forward a concept called chronotope based on the claim that time and space should be analyzed together. This concept was based on Albert Einstein's "Theory of Relativity". Bahtin emphasized the relationship between chronotopes and ideology and stated that the ideology of the text can be revealed through chronotopes. Bahtin analyzed many novels and based on these he gave information about chronotope types such as road-encounter, provincial town, castle, guest room-lounge and threshold. Moreover, he stated that chronotope types are not limited to these, but there are many different chronotopes. In this thesis, three novels selected from the National Literature period are analyzed based on Mihail Mihailovich Bahtin's concept of chronotope. These three novels are Ateşten Gömlek by Halide Edip Adıvar, Sodom and Gomore by Yakup Kari Karaosmanoğlu and Üç İstanbul by Mithat Cemal Kuntay. The reason for avoiding focusing on a single period or author in the study is to ensure that the results obtained are generalizable. In the thesis, each text is analyzed under a heading in terms of chronotope types and the ideology that chronotopes may have revealed is discussed. In all three texts, the chronotope of the road indirectly or directly implies that the sons of the nation should be "on the same path, ideology". Mansions, on the other hand, reveals some ideologies such as Ottomanism, Islamism, Westernism in the texts, but in the whole text, it reveals the idea that these ideologies will no longer work and that the salvation lies in the ideology of Turkish Nationalism. Halls bring together groups with different ideologies and allow them to express their ideas. Thus, ideologies are revealed. In the texts, the halls either directly reveal the righteousness of Turkish nationalists or draw attention to the necessity of the ideology in question by emphasizing the injustice and negative attitudes of the "other". Threshold and threshold-related chronotopes manifest themselves as both individual and social thresholds in the texts. In the novels, this state of being on the threshold is mostly manifested in the form of being a part of the nation and being a part of the other or remaining without identity.