The European Green Deal and the economic costs and opportunities of energy transition in Turkey: An analysis from the perspective of transition to renewable energy and a carbon-free economy

This thesis analyzes the impacts of the European Green Deal (EGD) on Turkey's energy transition process from the perspective of the economic costs and opportunities associated with the shift to renewable energy. The study first addresses the theoretical framework of energy resources and the distinction between renewable and non-renewable energy; it then examines the objectives, policy instruments, and developments in the European Union's energy transition process. Turkey's current energy profile, renewable energy potential, and transition targets are evaluated in light of up-to-date statistics and policy documents. The findings indicate that, due to the high share of fossil fuels in Turkey's energy supply, the adaptation process to the regulations introduced by the EGD entails both economic risks and strategic opportunities. The increase in installed renewable energy capacity and the decrease in the share of fossil fuels point to a positive trend; however, dependence on foreign technology supply, financial constraints, and high initial investment costs emerge as the main barriers to the transition process. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the shift to renewable energy will yield significant long-term benefits in terms of energy supply security, trade balance, employment growth, and environmental sustainability. It is also underlined that this process must be supported by robust financing instruments, domestic technology development, and international cooperation.