Investigations on hypecoum L. taxa distributed in western anatolia with regard topharmaceutical botany and bioactive secondary metabolites

Hypecoum L. genus belongs to the Papaveraceae family. This genus is represented with 7 taxa in our country including H. procumbens L. subsp. procumbens, H. procumbens L. subsp. atropunctatum A.E.Dahl, H. pseudograndiflorum Petr., H. torulosum A.E.Dahl, H. trullatum A.E.Dahl, H. dimidiatum Delile and H. pendulum L. Among these, H. trullatum is endemic. This family is of great importance in terms of the alkaloid groups and bioactivity potential of which many of them are used as active ingredients. In Turkey, there are 4 chemical studies on the protopine, which are among the alkaloids groups, related to the taxa in question, and no comprehensive studies have been found. Within the scope of this thesis, four Hypecoum taxa (H. procumbens subsp. procumbens, H. torulosum, H. pseudograndiflorum and H. procumbens subsp. atropunctatum), which were collected from 5 different localities in Western Anatolia, were studied. Comparative morphological and anatomical investigations were carried out on the studied Hypecoum taxa and the common and distinctive features of the taxa were determined. Also; The various extraction steps were followed by using different solvent systems, then TLC for identification, open column chromatography analysis for purification procedures and GC-MS /MS analysis for determination of volatile components. Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity studies were also performed on taxa. In these studies, the general cytotoxic activity of extracts obtained from Hypecoum taxa against HeLa, MRC-5 and A- 549 cell lines, followed by PANC1 (Pancreas adenocarcinoma), MDA-MB-231 (Triple negative invasive breast cancer) of pure substances isolated from extracts with potential for action. The cytotoxic effect of SH-SY5Y (Neuroblastoma) against cancer cell lines was investigated. Hypecoum procumbens subsp. procumbens' ethanol extract (HPPE/ON) (maceration) was observed to have low cytotoxic activity in HeLa cells and MRC-5 cell line at a dose of 50μg. Hypecoum procumbens subsp. procumbens' methanol extract (HPPM/ON) (sequential maceration) was found to have a relatively strong dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells at 25μg and 50μg doses. The same extract did not show toxic effects on the MRC-5 cell line. For the methanol extract of Hypecoum torulosum (HT/M-ON) the IC50 value was 36.19 5μg / ml (Standard deviation: 0.9998). This extract showed cytotoxic activity on HeLa cells and no cytotoxic effect was found on the MRC-5 cell line. The IC50 dose value for the isolated substances was found to be in the range of 10-100 ppm and these reductions were statistically significant (P <0.0001). In order to confirm the anticancer effects, cisplatin, which was added to the same experimental setup, was observed to have a significant anticancer effect especially at 100 ppm doses compared with the effects on cell viability at a dose of 5μg/μl. Antimicrobial activity tests of these substances were performed by disk diffusion and microdilution methods. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, VI Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans ATCC 90029 strains were studied. There was no significant activity against these strains. Except for H. procumbens subsp. atropunctatum taxa, the thesis study of the morphological studies related to 3 other taxa of our country belongs to us. In addition, H. torulosum, H. procumbens subsp. procumbens and H. pseudograndiflorum taxa have been examined for the first time in anatomical terms and their characteristic structures have been revealed. Antimicrobial activity experiments on the taxa were studied for the first time. The family; cytotoxic activity studies on total extracts and compounds obtained from some other members such as Chelidonium majus, Macleaya cordata, Macleaya microcarpa, Hylomecon maxim; The first cytotoxic activity study on Hypecoum taxa was performed by us. When the cytotoxic activity findings obtained from the study were examined; It is thought that molecules may emerge as promising compounds with further research. Further research is needed on other secondary metabolites and bioactivities found in Hypecoum species.