Istanbul minarets in the westernization period Ottoman architecture (1703-1922)

This thesis focuses on the minarets built in Istanbul under the influence of the Ottoman westernization period, which is considered to have begun with the tulip revolution, and the First National Architecture Movement, which is effective in the 20th century. Though not mentioned in the Ottoman westernization architecture with a specific meaning of westernization, new types of buildings and architectural ornamentation items taken from the West are the elements that shaped this period architecture. European influential architectural movements influenced Ottoman architecture in a chronological order. Starting from the first half of the 18th century, the Baroque style, which was influenced, was started to be built with thin, long and decorated minarets. The bases were a long form and a part of the ornamentation. The pabuc has become an element where the ornamentation takes place rather than an architectural necessity. Instead of muqarnas, bracelets, consoles and occasionally stripes in the form of oyster shell have begun to be used in the balconies of minarets. Many different types of stone roofs were built. In the 19th century architecture, various influences such as Ampir, Neoclassic, Art Nouveau and Orientalism played an active role as well as Western influential Baroque and Rococo styles. These styles have been used one by one or in an eclectic style. Western influences began to lose their effect with the First National Architecture Movement that developed in the 20th century. Architectural forms and features of the Ottoman Classical period were taken as examples in this period architecture. In this thesis, the minaret of 69 mosques were handled. A catalog section was created by photographing and drawing these minarets. In the evaluation and conclusion section, the minarets were examined in terms of location, form, material and ornamentation characteristics. The minarets were evaluated both in themselves and compared with the samples of the previous period, aiming to reveal these peculiar features of the minarets. Key Words: İstanbul, Period of Westernization, Ottoman Architecture, Minaret.