The impact of Bauhaus school on the modernization of the Early Republic Period: the contributions of the immigrant German scientists, arriving in Turkey in 1933, to the art education in Turkey"

Bauhaus has had prominent role with its education model, based on master-apprentice relationship and on developing new methods in education. Thanks to this education model, studio was brought into the scene as well as eliminating the difference between art and craft. The students passing through this education model has embarked on working more than one areas rather than restricting their works into one field. After graduation from Bauhaus, the they reached to a competence level in designing each kind of household goods. In our country, some education models has been developed, imitiating Bauhaus, as an applied art school. At the moment of proclamation of the Republic, our country had just come out of war, so there was a shortage of instructors as well as lack of education. The New Republic, by setting aside old customs, desired that everyone should have passed through a modernization process and to be equal with western societies. There was, however, insufficient number of instructor and the damages of the war had not been recovered until that time. At this point of the process, the education given by professors immigrated from Nazi Germany and the desire of the new republic overlapped. In this context, reformation in the education was initiated at once. The one of the most significant subjects contributed by foreign professsor to Turkish Curriculum was the class of "Basic Art Education." In addition, there are some other reflections of Bauhaus School in education and training. In Turkey, accordingly, Village Institutes adopted applied art education model, the education was established on the concept of "teaching within work, through work, for work," and the idea of "education within production" was accepted. In many aspects, applied art education was settled in Turkey by "adjustments.". In this thesis, the immigration of Foreign professors to Turkey and in this respect, their contribution to the education system, together with the desire of Early Turkish Republic are explained. At the beginning of the foundation of the Republic, "Reconstruction of social and cultural fields" has had a significant role. The modernization movement was supposed to penetrate almost all areas such as daily life, social and cultural areas. The New Republic, established on this context, desired to ensure its ideological consolidation through art. Thus, from this perspective, the sense of art, considered as significant in this period will be explained in this text.