Investigation of yield and quality traits and their heterosis effects in some poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) diallel hybrids

Turkey has a large share in terms of both alkaloid amounts obtained from poppy capsules and exports of seed in world trade. The aim of the present study, to make half diallel crosses between cultivars with different characteristics and to determine yield and some quality characteristics, heterosis and heterobeltiosis levels, general and special combination capabilities of parents and hybrids. In the experiment were used nine parents (Ofis 96, TMO 1, Hüseyinbey, Çelikoğlu, Ofis NM, Ofis 1, Bolvadin 95, Ofis 2 and TMO T) and 36 hybrid combinations were produced by half diallel crossing in 2015. The parents and F1 hybrids were examined under field conditions in Tokat-Kazova with four replications Completely Randomized Blocks Design in 2016 and 2017. Some phenological, morphological, yield and quality characteristics were investigated. Based on two year-results hybrids and parents, had capsule yields of 135.63-216.99 kg/da, seed yields of 113.02-258.43 kg/da and morphine contents of 0.42-1.66%, respectively. Heterosis values; ranged from -1.65 to 40.02% for capsule yield, from 3.36 to 75.41% for seed yield and from -5.59 to 60.79% for morphine ratio. General combination ability; varied from -10.31 to 9.95 for capsules yield, -19.01 to 10.22 for seed yield and -0.23 to 0.44 for morphine ratio while special combination ability; varied from -18.41 to 30.12 for capsules yield, -32.50 to 43.11 for seed yield and -0.24 to 0.30 for morphine ratio. When all examined properties are evaluated together, Ofis NM x Ofis 1, Ofis NM x Ofis 2, TMO 1 x Ofis 1, TMO 1 x Ofis 2, Çelikoğlu x Ofis NM, Çelikoğlu x TMO T, Hüseyinbey x Ofis 1 hybrid combinations were concluded to be the best hybrids.