The morphological, anatomical, palynological and chemical (essential oil) investigation of the some Scutellaria L. (Lamiaceae) species

In this study, the morphological, anatomical and palynological features of the Scutellaria orientalis L., S. bicolor Hochst; J.A. Lorent and S. sintenisii Hausskn. Ex Bornm. specimens naturally grown, were collected and investigated from the different locality in Elazığ and vicinity. The chemical composition of the essential oil of the aerial parts of the plants were analysed and evaluated in view of chemotaxonomy. The morphological and anatomical features were determined by light microscope and palynological features were determined both light microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The pollens of the species studied were determined as isopolar and each three species pollen type were tricoplate, mesocolpium ornemantations were bireticulate and apocolpium ornemantation were determined as perforate. The essential oils obtained by hydro-distillation from the plants were analyzed by GC and GC-MS systems The essential oil yield were determined as between 0.1-0.3 ml in 100 gr dry sample. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oils were defined in 97.7% - 98.3% ranges. The major constituents in Scutellaria taxa were determined as: germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, spathulenol, ?-cadinol, ß-caryophyllene, ?-humulene, caryophyllene oxide, carvacrol, ?-cadinene, p-cymen, thymol ve linalool-L. The morphological, anatomical and palynological features of the species were evaluated and discussed in view of infrageneric relationships.