Effects of different seed rate and nitrogen applications on yield and quality in some einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) genotypes

This study was carried out in İkizce Research and Application farm fields belonging to the Central Research Institute of Field Crops between 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 growing seasons.The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate planting frequency, nitrogen dose to be applied for einkorn wheat genotypes and to investigate the effects of these practices on the quality of einkorn wheat genotypes. Five different einkorn wheat genotypes consisting of cultivar candidate and cultivar candidate lines belonging to Central Research Institute of Field Crops were used as material. Four different seeding rate of 15, 18, 21, 24 kg/da and four different nitrogen doses of 0, 2, 4, 6 kg/da were applied for two years. Field trials were carried out in four replications according to the divided plots experimental design in randomized blocks. The lowest and the highest mean values of the examined parameters were; emergence time 15.8-20.3 days, time of heading 161.3-168.5 days, time of maturity 199.5-204.8 days, number of plants per square meter 83.5-206.7, number of spikes per square meter 585-1605, plant height 63.2-93.2 cm, spike length 3.3-5.8 cm, number of grains per spike 12.5-20.8, grain weight per spike 0.31-0.70 g, harvest index 28.15-42.75%, grain yield 200.4-362.9 kg/da, hulless thousand kernel weight 17.0-20.95 g, moisture content 8.2-11.2 %, kernel diameter 1.90-2.15 mm, kernel hardness index (-9.80) – (+6.55), hulless hectoliter weight 74.9-79.65 kg/hl, protein content 18.66-24.35 %, Zeleny sedimentation value 10.0-67.5 ml, L color value 98.38- 100.65, a color value of 1.225-1.840, b color value 14.85-18.40, beta carotene 10.08-21.4 ppm, iron content 41.90-62.80 ppm, zinc content 16.93-44.95 ppm. There were significant differences between the genotypes in terms of all parameters investigated (p<0.01%). There were generally significant effects of seeding rate and nitrogen applications on quality parameters rather than other investigated parameters. The highest grain yield was obtained from einkorn genotype number four with 362.9 kg/da average yield by applying 15 kg/da seeding rate and 2 kg/da nitrogen dose. The lowest grain yield average was 200.4 kg/da, 24 kg/da sowing frequency/4 kg/da nitrogen dose/five einkorn genotype. It can be said that nitrogen doses and sowing frequencies in terms of yield and quality create differences on the characteristics of einkorn genotypes, and these differences change according to years.