Evaluation of the genotoxicity, bioactivity and alp activity of bioceramic based dental materials

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity, bioactivity and alkaline phosphatase activity of four bioceramic based materials (BioMTA, Biodentine, NeoMTA, MTA CEM) comparatively. Three seperate doses of materials were cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes from a single donor and micronucleus test (MN) was used to evaluate genotoxicity. The findings were presented as MN scoring, % MN, nuclear division index (NDI) and analyzed with GraphPad. The levels of bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2), fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for bioactivity and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were determined with ELISA. 3rd passage of commercially available human dental pulp stem cells were used with %50 and %100 forms of extracts on days 1, 3 and 7 for experiments. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS V23. The materials didn't induce MN formation on human peripheral lymphocytes, % MN was significantly low and NDI values were significantly high compared with control group (p<0.05). All materials increased the levels of BMP-2, FGF-2 and VEGF at various rates depending on time. The highest levels of BMP-2 was found on the 7th day of Biodentine and BioMTA. The levels of FGF-2 were significantly increased in Biodentine and NeoMTA compared to the control group. Biodentine was found to be the most stimulating group of VEGF. ALP activity increased significantly on all days for Biodentine and on 7th day for NeoMTA and BioMTA (p<0.05). The materials didn't show genotoxic effect on human peripheral lymphocytes and showed osteogenic and angiogenic effects.