Examination of nutritional status and related risk factors in preschool children living in urban and rural areas of Bursa province

Conducted during the period of March–April 2024, the research examined the dietary habits of children using the 24-hour dietary recall, the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED), and the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, alongside evaluating parents' socio-economic status. Anthropometric measurements—including height, weight, head circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and mid-upper arm circumference—were also taken to assess growth and nutritional status. The study found that the majority of children aged 3–5 years had height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI) values within normal ranges. The proportion of girls with normal BMI was higher. Some deviations were notable in certain age groups in rural areas. Head circumference and triceps thickness were highest among rural boys, while upper arm measurements were highest among urban girls. The study determined that nutrition plays a significant role in children's growth and development. Inadequate energy and protein intake were found to increase the risk of stunting, while adequate and balanced nutrition was shown to support growth potential. These findings underscore the importance of balanced nutrition and regular anthropometric monitoring for healthy growth and development in children.