Examination of thinking philosophy methods with children and adults

Philosophical thinking activity, which emerged with Matthew Lipman's Philosophy for Children method, has developed as a field by showing changes and diversity over the years. The idea of philosophizing with children emerged with the idea that children can be more successful in their education life and that they should be able to make logical reasoning. One of the development stages of the field in the following process is the idea that philosophy can be done with adults. This idea, which aims to enable adults who forget to think philosophically with the problems of life, to know themselves, to evaluate their values, existential thoughts, ethical problems in business life and similar situations, divided the direction of the field into two. The aim of philosophical thinking activities with children and adults is to return to the nature of philosophy. In the philosophical thinking activity, the way to do philosophy is shown rather than teaching or memorizing something. When questioning the nature of the concepts used in daily life, the assumptions or arguments presented should be justified and grounded. For this reason, it is important to ask questions that will create a desire to think continuously and satisfy mental hunger during the activity. To be able to apply the field of Philosophy with Children and Adults in a careful and effective way, which progresses and develops in a cumulative way; It depends on knowing the developmental stages by examining the methods from different countries in the historical process. Another criterion is that the practitioner must be able to think philosophically with a command of philosophy. The questions to be asked during the sessions should be philosophical questions about the determined problem. As the methods in the field of Philosophy with Children and Adults diversify and develop, the materials used in the sessions also change. In the study, the changes and diversity of the materials are included. A translation of a part of Harry Stottlemeier's Discovery book written by Matthew Lipman to use his method is presented. At the end of the study, an example of an activity card is given. Questions to be asked were written along with the philosophical background of the subject discussed in the activity card. In order to make Philosophy with Children and Adults a newly developing field in Turkey, method reviews, samples of materials and translations of these materials are presented to contribute to the field.