Improvement of breeding lines in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) plant by embryo culture

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the possibilities of develop plant breeding lines using embryo culture technique in black cumin populations. In this way, it is aimed to determine the most suitable growth culture for embryo culture studies in black cumin and to create a reference for future studies. Material and Methods: In this study, Çameli black cumin variety, which is the only proprietary variety of our country, and 2 different black cumin populations obtained from producers in Denizli and Ankara provinces were used as plant materials. Crosses were made between the populations according to the semi diallel hybridization technique. The zygotic embryos were cultured on the 12th day after crossing in 10 different MS medium added BAP and/or IAA. The hormone concentrations are as follows; control, 0,5, 1,0 ve 2,0 mg.l-1 BAP, 0,5, 1,0 ve 2,0 mg.l-1 IAA, 1,0/1,0, 0,1/2,0 ve 2,0/0,5 mg.l-1 BAP/IAA. In this research, embryo culture studies were carried out on 5 petri dishes and 20 embryos were placed in each petri dish for each population and medium. A total of 300 embryos were cultured in each medium. The culture studies were carried out on a total of 1,000 embryos for each population. Results: In terms of callus formation, the highest overall success (2.3%) was achieved in the medium containing 2,0 〖mg.l〗^(-1) BAP + 0,5 〖mg.l〗^(-1) IAA. No callus formation was observed in the cultured seeds in the medium without hormone, containing 0,5 〖mg.l〗^(-1) IAA and containing 2,0 〖mg.l〗^(-1)IAA. According to the results of the analysis of variance, there was no significant difference between the success averages of callus formation in terms of the medium. In terms of direct germination, the highest success rate (1.7%) was achieved in the medium without hormone. According to the analysis of variance and Duncan multiple comparison results, it was concluded that the medium without hormone has a significant and positive effect on germination. On the other hand, direct germination was not found in media containing 0,5 〖mg.l〗^(-1) BAP, 1,0 〖mg.l〗^(-1) BAP, 2,0 〖mg.l〗^(-1) IAA, 1,0 〖mg.l〗^(-1) BAP + 1,0 〖mg.l〗^(-1) IAA ve 0,1 〖mg.l〗^(-1) BAP + 2,0 〖mg.l〗^(-1) 1 IAA. Conclusion: When we examine the success rates of callus formation; for each crossing combination, no significant difference was found between the average success rates according to the medium and genotype interaction. When direct germination is examined; while success was achieved in germination in the medium without hormone (MS 0) for each variety, no significant effect of genotype on germination was detected. When the hybridized Black Cumin varieties are examined; the highest overall success in callus formation and germination was achieved in Denizli x Çameli combination.