Turkish architecture after Republicity and the influences of the foreign architects on Turkish architecture

Efforts of westernaziton and reaching fhe West is an important factor in the development of Turkish architecture before and after republicity. Changes happened in the world architecture with the effects of the Industrial Revolution realized in the 18* century, influenced the Ottoman Architecture and removed it away from the traditional values. The architectural environment which was under sovereignty öf the non-muslim architects living in Turkey, was started to be shared by the foreign architects who were brought from Europe at the end of the century. By this way, the period of the foreign architects in the Turkish architecture had started. The untidy entrance of the European architectural forms and the beginning of the dissociation period of the Ottoman Empire at the beginning of the 20* century, had caused the idea öf Turkish nationalism become more dominant; so the first period of the foreign architects in Turkish architecture could not last long and the period of National Architecture had started. With the declaration of republicity, dealing with the own interior problems of the new established government had started. Some of these problems concerning architecture are, administration buildings that will respond to the organizational requirenlents of the new government;, requirements of the development and construction of public facilities of towns, institution buildings the government had to construct and construction of infrastructure institutions. Because of the insufficient interest Turks had shown to the architectural education in the earlier periods, the loss of the few Turkish intellectual people in the World War I and the immigration of the non-muslim architects and master workmen to foreign countries after the declaration of republicity, there was not enough architects to solve all these problems. On the other hand, the idea of National Architecture trend was representing the previous regime and there was a need of a modern and contemporary architecture which will integrate with the ideology of the republicity, the new regime. When the most important problem of the period, the problem of the development and construction of public facilities of Ankara had appeared, the event had tried to be solved under the general westernization tendency that had come with the republicity arid the way of inviting some foreign architects was chosen. Clemens Holzmeister who had conie to Turkey for the development and construction of public facilities of Ankara, was followed by some architects like Paul Bonatz, Bruno Taut and Ernst Egîi. Thçre had been many positive and negative influences related to their education, thoughts system and application principles of the foreign architects who had taken duty on the fields of education, design and application in Turkey. But it is impossible to deny the assistance of these architects whose works are still used today.