Investigation of the effect of diclofenac sodium on oxidative stress and some reproductive hormones in rat uterus

Diclofenac Sodium (DS) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drug. DS exerts its effect by binding to COX-1 and COX-2 and preventing the conversion of arachidonic acid into pro-inflammatory prostaglandins through chelation. DS is frequently used in both animal and human health to treat pain, inflammation, swelling, dysmonera etc. The aim of this study was to examine the oxidative stress parameters of DS on the uterus and ovaries in female rats and the reproductive hormones from serum samples. 28 female Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (Control, Group I, Group II, Group III). No application was made to the control group. Groups I-II-III were injected intramuscularly (IM) with a dose of 2,5 mg/kg DS once a day for 3 days. Following the 3rd DS application, Group I (2 hours), Group II (48 hours), and Group III (7 days) were sacrificed. SOD1, GPx, CAT analysis of oxidative stress parameters in the uterus and ovary; Prostaglandin (PGE), Estrogen (ERa, ERb), Progesterone (PR) analysis from serum samples were examined by PCR method. CAT value decreased in all application groups (Group I-II-III) in the uterus and ovary (p<0,001). In the SOD1 analysis in the uterus, an increase was detected in Groups I-II and a decrease in Group III (p<0,001). The SOD1 value in the ovary increased in Group I and decreased in Groups II-III (p<0,001). In the analysis of estrogen receptor ERa and ERb, an increase was detected in the application groups (Group I-II-III) (p<0,001). There was an increase in PR level in Groups I-III and a decrease in Group II (p<0,001). A decrease in mPGES level was detected in Group I and an increase in Groups II-III (p<0,001). All comparison and statistical analysis was calculated by comparing the Fold Chance value of the application groups and the Control group. As a result of this study, it was determined that DS use increased oxidative stress in the uterus and ovaries of female rats and caused changes in reproductive hormones in serum samples. In the light of the data of our study, it is thought that it is not appropriate to breed for the purpose of obtaining offspring in the 7-day period following the application of DS, which is frequently used in both human and animal health.