Ash tree (Fraxinus excelsior) and artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaves of chlorogenic acid extraction optimization

Plant nutrients, contain more or less the amount of phenolic compound. In particular, the color of the fruit and vegetables, phenolic substances which affect the taste and durability, depending on the antioxidant properties of anticancer, antimutagenic and in terms of showing antimicrobial activity is also closely related to human health. Leaf ash (Fraxinus Excelsior) and artichoke leaf (Cynara scolymus) extracts widely used in traditional medicine. The content of these plants has various compounds. One of these compounds is chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acids have antibacterial and antiviral properties is an antioxidant compound. Chlorogenic acid beverages, cosmetics are used as ingredients in tea products and food. Also due to effective protection against the effects of lowering blood sugar and cancer chlorogenic acid is thought to be a useful compound in traditional medicine. In this study, the collected ash (Fraxinus Excelsior) leaves and artichoke (Cynara scolymus) leaves were milled, dried without leaving part of the stem sun. Powdered portions were extracted with environment-friendly water. The extracts were analyzed by HPLC chromatographic system optimized gradient elution method, the results were expressed in ppm. Box-Behnken design based on Response Surface Method (RSM) optimum conditions of extracting chlorogenic acid from Fraxinus Excelsior used with the ultrasonic assisted extraction and Cynara scolymus leaves were determined. Effective on the experimental conditions for this extraction efficiency; extraction time (15-45 minutes), temperature (30-700 C), ultrasound power (25-75%) are chosen. The best possible combination of these parameters were obtained by response surface method. The second order polynomial models (quadratic model) gave the best identification of experimental data. The optimum conditions for Fraxinus Excelsior leaves; 39.12% of the ultrasound power, 15.18 minutes of the extraction time, the extraction temperature was determined to 69.980 C. The maximum yield of chlorogenic acid in these conditions was determined to be 11.70 ppm. Cynara scolymus leaves for the optimum conditions; 47.65% of the ultrasound power, 35.18 minutes of the extraction time, the extraction temperature was set at 53.400 C. The maximum yield of chlorogenic acid in these conditions was determined to be 10.05 ppm. In addition, the total phenolic content in ash and artichoke leaf by UV spectrometry in order to see their antioxidant activity was measured. Dried and ground leaves were extracted with ethanol. Blind for measurement, standards and samples were prepared, including 3 tube. Samples from each sample container based UV spectrometer at 765 nm absorbance values were measured. Box-Behnken response surface design based method (RSM) optimum conditions for measuring the total phenolic content from Fraxinus Excelsior used with the ultrasonic assisted extraction and Cynara scolymus leaves was determined. Optimum conditions for the ash leaf; ultrasound power 47.76%, 29.69 min period, ethanol concentration was determined as 54.40%. The total phenolic content in ash leaves in optimum condition was determined as 40.74 ppm. Optimum conditions for the artichoke leaves; ultrasound power 47.29%, 29.67 min period, ethanol concentration was determined as 55.33%. Artichoke leaf total phenolic content in the optimum conditions were determined as 70.24 ppm. Accordingly, the results obtained according to the extraction of chlorogenic acid active ingredient ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) showed can be an effective method.