The effect of pilates on sexual function, depression, and quality of life in women with dyspareunia

Between 10% and 20% of women experience dyspareunia, that is, pain during or after sexual intercourse, at some point in their lives or on an ongoing basis. This condition significantly affects both the person's sexual functions and their overall quality of life. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on sexual function, depression level, and quality of life in women diagnosed with dyspareunia. A total of 24 female participants aged between 22 and 47 years were included in the study. The participants were randomly assigned into two groups of 12: an experimental group and a control group. The demographic data of all participants were collected through a sociodemographic assessment form prepared by the researcher. Prior to the intervention, both groups received information about dyspareunia. The Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used to evaluate sexual function, the Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess the level of depression, and the SF-36 Quality of Life Scale was used to measure quality of life. These assessment tools were administered both before the intervention and after the 8-week study period. Analysis of baseline data showed no significant differences between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics, with the exception of the lubrication subscale of the FSFI, which showed a significant difference (p=0.049). While the control group received only educational information regarding dyspareunia, the experimental group participated in Pilates exercises twice a week for eight weeks. At the end of the study, the experimental group demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the orgasm (p=0.012) and satisfaction (p=0.027) subscales of the FSFI, as well as in the total score (p=0.009). Additionally, a significant decrease in depression levels was observed according to the Beck Depression Inventory results (p=0.027), and significant improvements were found in the vitality (p=0.046) and mental health (p=0.004) subscales of the SF-36. In the control group, a significant change was observed only in the sexual desire subscale of the FSFI (p=0.039); however, no significant differences were found in the total FSFI score or other measures (p>0.05). In the SF-36, only the physical functioning subscale showed a significant increase, which is thought to be due to daily life activities. The findings suggest that Pilates exercises have positive effects on sexual function, depression levels, and quality of life in women diagnosed with dyspareunia. In particular, improvements in areas such as orgasm, satisfaction, and mental health indicate that these exercises may be considered a supportive method within holistic health approaches. Keywords: Dyspareunia, Pilates, Sexual Function, Depression, Quality of Life