Phytotherapeutics used in the treatment of diabetes

ABSTRACT PHYTOTHERAPEUTICS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF DIABETES Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. There are some abnormalities in carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism in diabetes is deficient action of insulin on target tissues. It also has short-time and long-term complications. According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) data, by 2013, there are 382 million diabetics in the world and it is estimated that this number will reach 592 million by 2035. The use of natural resources in the treatment of diabetes and the development of new drug molecules on the basis of these sources have begun in the first quarter of the 20th century. Today, more than 400 plants and more than 120 natural products, as well as many vitamins and minerals are used by patients with diabetes to support care. In this review, plant species used in diabetes management in the world are listed in tabular form, and in recent years ten species have been selected which have increased in populations and in which current clinical trials have been carried out: Panax ginseng, Momordica charantia, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Cinnamomum cassia, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Gymnema sylvestre, Allium sativum, Allium cepa, Vaccinium myrtillus, Zingiber officinale. Plant family, selected vernacular names,geographical distribution, botanical features, major chemical components, medicinal use, side effects, contraindications, drug interactions, routes of administration and dosages, pharmacological properties and pharmacological properties of these phytoplankton and monographs were investigated in detail by creating monographs. Key words: Panax ginseng; Momordica charantia; Trigonella foenum graecum; Cinnamomum cassia; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Gymnema sylvestre; Allium sativum; Allium cepa; Vaccinium myrtillus; Zingiber officinale; Diabetes Mellitus; type 2 diabetes; antihyperglycemic; insulin resistance; antidiabetic.