Determination of plant species and compositions with grass production and quality in different directions of savucak mountain passages in Çüngüş district of Di̇yarbakir province

This study was carried out to determine botanical composition, forage yield and quality values in four different directions (north, south, east and west) of Savucak Mountain pasture located in Cüngüş district of Diyarbakır province in 2021 and 2022. It is detected 102 plant taxon (the highest quantity in the south) belonging to 83 different plant species from 27 different plant families were identified in the different directions of the pasture. The average of plant covered area was determined as 86.10% (the highest rate was in the north direction with 94.63%). In the area covered with the plants, the highest grasses rate (Poaceae) were in the north (49.39%), legumes rate (Fabaceae) were in the west (34.98%), and plants from the other family plants rate (70.24%) were in the south directions. Lagurus ovatus (35.15%) in the north direction, Genista albida (33.65%) in the south direction, Helichrysum arenarium subsp. aucheri (15.26%) in the east direction and Potentilla argentea (18.99%) in the west were determined as dominant taxon. The similarity index was highest between the north and south directions (44.37%). Green forage yield average was 745.44 kg/da and the highest was in the west direction (857.16 kg/da). The average value of dry matter yield was 295.29 kg/da and the highest was in the west direction (332.01 kg/da). The average of plant height value was 17.22 cm and the highest was in the north direction (19.13 cm). The avarage value of grasses in botanical composition according to dry matter weight was 26.23% and highest was in the north (38.46%), the average value of legumes was 27.64% and the highest was in the south (62.10%) and the average value of the plants from other families was 46.13% and the highest was in the east directions (68.02%). Pasture quality grade average was 1.88 (very poor) and the highest was 2.22 (poor) in the west direction. The average value of the grazing capacity was 31.49 BBHB (the highest was in the west with 8.85 BBHB), the crude protein (HP) was 15.27% (the highest was in the north with 16.50%), the crude protein yield (HPV) was 18.97% (the highest was in the east with 20.24%), the acid detergent fiber (ADF) was 32.99% (the highest was in the west with 35.44%), the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was 49.66% (the highest was in the east with 59.10%), the digestible dry matter (SKM) was 63.20% (the highest was in the east 64.56%), the dry matter intake (KMT) was 2.46% (the highest was in north with 2.58%), the relative feed value (NYD) was 120.63 (the highest was in north with 128.17), calcium (Ca) was 1.45% (the highest was in west with 1.51%), phosphorus (P) was 0.28% (the highest was in North with 0.30% and east with 0.30%), potassium (K) was 1.68% (the highest was in east with 1.85%), magnesium (Mg) was 0.27% (the highest was in the north with 0.29% and south with 0.29%). As a result of the research, it has been concluded that the different directions of the pasture need appropriate improvement and grazing management studies in order to increase forage yield and quality.