An analysis of the houses built between 1950-1980 in Diyarbakır city wall in terms of facade and space readings

The most important element that constitutes the city as a whole is space. The coming together of spaces creates an urban integration. Understanding the city passes through the process of understanding and interpreting space. The space develops as a whole with the individual in which it lives. In order to define the space, it is realized by examining the spatial fiction at the plan and facade level. Residential buildings reflect the memory of the city with their space and facades. Within the scope of the thesis, it is aimed to contribute to the memory of the city by considering and interpreting the houses together with their facade and space. Determining and analyzing the unique qualities of the facade and space of these houses is very important for urban memory. This study emphasizes the importance of the relationship between the facade and the space of the house and argues that this relationship should be handled together. It reveals that the façade contains clues about perception and space. The development of the city outside the city walls in the early years of the Republic led to significant changes in the social, cultural and architectural structure of Diyarbakır. The people who had lived in Suriçi for centuries were confronted with a new way of life with the public and civil buildings built outside the city walls. Thus, in this period, Diyarbakır became a city with different lifestyles in two different regions, the Walled City and the Walled City. The reasons for choosing the outer city walls as the urban development zone were the flat terrain and its proximity to the railroad and the station. The development of the city continued outside the city walls and the construction of residences, which gave the city a new architectural character, increased. For this reason, the architectural features of these houses, which bear witness to an era, should be documented. Diyarbakır Yenişehir Ofis district was chosen as the study area because it contains the first modern housing examples outside the city walls. The effective point in determining the historical interval in the research is the decrease in the civilian building stock between 1950-1980 as a result of the examinations made in the region. The problems of the study are to bring the houses belonging to the 1950-1980 years to the literature, to change the interior typology of the changing housing facades, and the negative effects of the changes in the facade on the space. These buildings, which carry and represent the characteristics of the period, should be identified, their original qualities should be revealed, interpreted and transferred to future generations. It is also known that many buildings in the study area will undergo urban transformation in the future. It is aimed to reveal the architectural features of the period by analyzing the façade features of these houses together with their urban, architectural and spatial values. For this purpose; the concepts of perception, space and façade and the relationship between these concepts are explained in detail using the space syntax method. Literature review, on-site examination and photography were used as study methods. The findings obtained as a result of the study were evaluated through facade and space readings. The study includes information on façade, space and perception in housing development in Turkey and Diyarbakır, and in the light of this information, interpretation and evaluation of the architectural features of the period through façade and space. In the conceptual framework section, firstly, an examination of housing development is given, and then the plans, facades and evaluations of the houses in the study area in Diyarbakır are made. As a result, buildings reflect people's culture, lifestyle, habits and inner world. In this scientific research, how the social, cultural and spatial dimension of the buildings is reflected in the buildings, the facades and spaces that can respond to the spirit of the place, the language of the building, the social and cultural dimension, and the facades and spaces that can respond to the social and cultural dimension of the building are examined with the idea that they witness the architectural structure of a period. The architectural features of the houses that witness a heritage period should be defined, evaluated in all aspects and brought to the literature. It is inevitable that the loss of these houses will result in the disappearance of urban memory in the city. For this reason, these buildings should be documented through façade and plan analysis.