Determination of some fruit and tree characteristics of fig (Ficus carica L.) genetic resources in Dogansehir (Malatya) region

This study aims to identify the fig-growing areas naturally occurring in the villages of Dedeyazı, Topraktepe, Bıçakcı, Örencik, and Kapıdere in Dogansehir district of Malatya Province. These areas were regularly monitored in the years 2022-2023. Fig genotypes were determined in the study. A total of 50 different fig genotypes were selected and marked with the help of GPS. Phenological, morphological, some pomological, and chemical analyses of the identified fig genotypes were conducted. Thirty fruit samples were taken from each genotype, placed in plastic crates, preserved at +4°C, and then transported to the laboratory. It was observed that the first foliation started on 3rd May, and fruit initiation occurred in May. Fruit ripening began on 23rd July, reaching full maturity by the end of August. Additionally, some characteristics of leaves and stems of genotypes were determined. After examining the characteristics of mature fruits, the lowest fruit weight was found in type 44 DŞR 08 (2.00 g), while the highest was in type 44 DŞR 26 (16.27 g). The lowest Fruit Shape Index was observed in types 44 DŞR 08 and 44 DŞR 27 (0.85 mm), while the highest value was determined in type 44 DŞR 16 (1.73 mm). Fruit neck length was observed in 7 types with the lowest value (0.01 mm), while the highest value was found in type 44 DŞR 46 (4.52 mm). The lowest ostiolum aperture was found in type 44 DŞR 46 (1.23 mm), while the highest value was in type 44 DŞR 24 (8.66 mm). The lowest soluble dry matter content in the fruit juice was in type 44 DŞR 18 (8.20%), while the highest was in type 44 DŞR 13 (28.90%). The selected promising types were determined to have 'No' skin cracking condition, 'Easy' peeling of the skin, and 'Small' ostiolum aperture. The statistical analysis results identified genotypes with code numbers 44 DŞR 12, 44 DŞR 27, 44 DŞR 37, and 44 DŞR 38 as promising genotypes. The identified fig genotypes serve as valuable resources for researchers conducting scientific studies. Keywords: Doğanşehir, Ficus carica L., Genetic resources, Ostiolum, Pomology, SSC