Immunoflourescence determination and mutation analysis of phospholipase C zeta in the sperm specimen give rise to LOW fertilization

Immunoflourescence Determination and Mutation Analysis of Phospholipase C Zeta In The Sperm Specimen Give Rise to Low Fertilization Male and unexplained infertility are the frequent cases among the infertile patients. Although the solution of male infertility have been solved by microinjection, extensive studies about fertility problems after microinjection are still performing. Fertilization failure after microinjection is highly related with sperm cells which unable to provide oocyte activation. Phospholipase C Zeta (PLC?) is a soluable sperm factor with it's unique features and one of the most important oocyte activating factor. Upon fertilization, the sperm triggers repetitive and persistent changes in the intracellular concentration of free calcium, also referred to as oscillations, that are required for egg activation. PLC? deficiency in the sperm extracts inhibits the ability of calcium oscillation. Oocyte activation deficiencies was interested with abnormal protein structure, expression, and localization of the PLC?. In our study we aimed the determination of immunoflourescence PLC? in the sperm specimens that give rise to low fertility rate (globozoospermia, total fertilization failure, nuclear anomaly, total immotile) by comparing with normospermic specimens and determination of the novel mutations and polymorphisms and also screening of the known mutations at 15 exons via DNA sequencing. As a result of this study, the localization of PLC? in the sperm specimens that give rise to low fertility rate compared with normospermic specimens was determined decrease or absence in the head and post-acrosomal region. Many variations were detected in sperm specimens that give rise to fertility with the anaylsis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. As well as some variations which didn't never take place in literature, and caused protein differentiation, a nucleotide variation, which turned into the stop codon, was determined. In conclusion, it was proved that PLC? has a significant role of oocyte activation in whom has shown low fertility individuals.