From informal to formal, from sırtçılık to karıncalık the transformation smuggling in Southeast of Turkey: Şırnak example

In this study, after drawn the borders of between Iraq and Turkey, gaining a new dimension of commercial activities from the periods when the region does not have a border, the stages of smuggling with the effect of various economic and political developments are periodicized. In this context, it has been the thesis that the activities of sırtçılık and katırcılık crossing the border are directed to the border gates by the measures taken under the heading of border security and that the trafficking in bırder gates has continued in the from of karıncalık and the focus has been on the dynamics of this transformation. Border smuggling or trafficking is reprocuded in almost every period as a result of the transformation of relations and networks that involve the dynamics of conflict and the transformation of activities and actors in this process.In this framework, the triggers and practices of these transformations and the forms of social organization such as economic, social, political and ethnic conflicts, tribal organizations, the effects of local, national and even global powers on smuggling and trade are discussed. It is tried to reveal the qualities of transformation through these variables.