The effect of in ovo injection nanoparticulus iron and zinc into eggs of broiler breeders on embryo metabolism

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of in ovo (IO) injection of L-arginine-derived iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) minerals and nanoparticles of the combination of these two minerals into different embryonic sacs on embryo/chick development, mRNA gene expression and glycogen levels of transferrin receptor (TFRC) and metallothionein (MT) genes in liver tissue, bone development and mineralization, body composition, residual yolk sac composition and blood serum Fe and Zn levels. The experimental material consisted of the experimental design consisting of the group in which embryos developing in 1200 hatching eggs of the ROSS 308 genotype were not injected (C) and the groups in which 80 μg of organic nano Fe (Fe1, Fe2) and Zn (Zn1, Zn2) minerals were injected into the yolk sac on the 14.5th day of incubation and into the amniotic sac on the 17.5th day of incubation, and the combination of these two minerals (FeZn1, FeZn2). While embryo development was not affected on days 16 and 19 of embryonic age, breast muscle weight increased in the Fe1 group (P=0.06) and liver and heart weights increased in the Zn2 group (P=0.01). While the effect of nano organic mineral injection on chick development, bone development and composition and bone mineralization at hatching was insignificant, the right tibia diameter was significantly higher in the Fe1 group and lower in the Fe2 group compared to the C group (P=0.02). At hatching, whole body DM content was lower and HK content was higher in the Zn1 group compared to the C group (P=0.03), yolk sac HY content was lower in the Fe2 group (P=0.04), yolk sac Fe level was lower in the Fe1 group (P=0.04) and serum Fe level was higher in the Fe1 and Fe2 groups (P=0.06). Liver MT mRNA gene expression increased in all Zn injected groups and liver TFRC mRNA gene expression increased in Fe injected groups (P<0.01). Liver glycogen level of day-old broiler chickens increased significantly in nano mineral injection groups compared to C group (P<0.01).