Effects of different processes on nutrient properties of lupine and usage possibilities in poultry nutrition

The increasing costs in the production of protein sources that should be included in poultry rations in recent years have led to alternative sources to soybean meal, a source of vegetable protein, all over the world, notably in European countries. The most remarkable of these alternatives are lupines, a legume that can grow on the soil of our country and are rich in protein. The most important factor restricting the use of lupines in poultry feeding is the quinolizidine group alkaloids in its content. In this study, different processes (germination for 2 days, heat treatment for 20 minutes at 130 oC in autoclave) were applied to white and blue lupine seeds, and nutrient differences between them and raw grains were determined. According to the nutrient analysis results, the highest crude protein values and the lowest starch values were determined in all treatment groups of white lupine (P<0.01). The highest ether extract value was seen in autoclaved white lupine seeds. Additionally, the highest values in metabolizable energy results were determined in germinated and autoclaved white lupine seeds. The highest values of neutral detergent fiber analysis were observed in raw and germinated blue lupine seeds, the highest acid detergent fiber value was found in autoclaved blue lupin seeds. Also, the highest values of acid detergent lignin, total sugar, and viscosity analysis were seen in germinated blue lupine groups (P<0.01). Total Quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) were found to be >1.943 mg/g in raw white lupine seeds and >1.800 mg/g in germinated and autoclaved seeds. While the total QA value of raw blue lupine grains was 0.894 mg/g, it was found 0.609±0.2436 mg/g in germination-treated ones and 0.705±0.282 mg/g in autoclaved ones. The total alkaloid analysis results were similar to the QA alkaloid results, and the highest in raw white lupine seeds (5.080g/100g) and the lowest in germinated blue lupine seeds (0.960g/100g) were determined (P<0.01). In the study, it was concluded that the lupine cultivar, the applied processes, and their interactions were effective on the nutrient contents and alkaloid values of the seeds. Keywords: Lupine, poultry nutrition, quinolizidine alkaloids, germination, autoclaving, antioxidant