Arabic calligraphy in the Moroccan Islâmic architechture (Marinid period)

Morocco, known in the Islâmic world as "al-Maghrib al-Aqsa" (the Farthest West), became part of the Islâmic realm in the 8th century after being ruled by the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, and Romans. It is a country of significant geographic, historical, and political importance. While there are graduate and doctoral studies on Islâmic architectural works in countries like Syria, Egypt, Tunisia, and Algeria within the Ottoman Empire's territories, research on Moroccan monuments is rare. This thesis aims to explore the art of Arabic calligraphy in Moroccan Islâmic architecture from the Merînî era (1196-1465), recognized as a golden a.g.e. for Moroccan Islâmic architecture. The study analyzes the period characteristics, planning, materials, techniques, and decorative aspects of Islâmic monuments in Fez. Through these analyses, the evolution of the region's distinct art style, the civilizations that influenced it, and the defining features of this style are identified. Additionally, the role and types of calligraphy used in the Merînî era, along with their contribution to architectural works, are examined in detail.