Glass typology in Late Roman-Early Byzantine Anatolia

The Roman Imperial Period glass, which is the pioneer of the Byzantine Period, carries the traditional form of the Roman Empire. With the discovery of the free blowing technique, glass has become an easily accessible material in daily life and diversity of glass container forms has increased. In this period goblets, oil lamps and fragrance bottles (unguentarium) are the most common glass vessel forms. The Diocletian Price List, which is the most important archaeological data found in various parts of the Empire, giving information on glass prices and production centers of the Late Roman Imperial Period, sheds light on the place and use of glass in the period. Considering the glass artifacts, production residues and glass klin remains (in 7 cities) found in the Late Roman Imperial and Early Byzantine Periods in the excavations and researches carried out in Anatolia to date, it is seen that there is glass production in a total of 23 cities. In our study, 11 glass vessel forms found and mentioned in publications were examined as Late Roman Imperial and Early Byzantine Period. In Late Roman Imperial Period, it was seen that the diversity and forms were more numerous. In the Early Byzantine Period, more lamps were found. The finds were mostly obtained from the Aegean and Mediterranean Regions. From the 4th century AD onwards, with the spread of Christianity, the use of daily use vessels decreased, and the use of oil lamps in interiors, residences and religious buildings became widespread. A few decorated imported samples were found on plates and bowls from glass vessel form studied in Anatolia. There is a local production in the glass vessel forms of goblets and oil lamps found in the Late Roman Empire and Early Byzantine Period. The glass vessel finds found in the excavations in Anatolia and mentioned in the publications are dated to AD, 4-6 th centuries, but, AD 7 th century appears to be decreasing. Arab attacks, economic depression, epidemics prevented the development of production and trade